Can torture ever been acceptable in democratic civilized society Essay

Can badgering ever been acceptable in democratic polish society - Essay ExampleThus in the article pain Damages Democracy says full on Interrogation the professor Darius Rejali states that suffering cant be costless. The professor discusses different forms of torture emphasizing the fact that torture affects not only those who are tortured but in like manner the initiatives of torture. It is also mentioned in the article that torture is controversial outcome and the same idea is reflected in the article by Paul W Kahn Torture and Democratic Violence, the aim of which is to understand what torture means for democratic society torture is no more destructive and no more illiberal than other forms of governmental violence (Kahn). The professor Darius Rejali summarized his ideas in the book Torture & democracy that became the most comprehensive study of torture in the modern society.In the article Torture State terrorism vs. Democracy by Orlando Tizon it is express that the war a gainst terrorism is only an excuse of applying torture. Only the person who has been tortured can tell how vexatious it is. The people who torture you dont let you die and they dont let you be alive (Tison, 2002). The same issue is discussed in the Work Open Society Institute Globalizing Torture CIA Secret Detention and Extraordinary Rendition by Amrit Singh and in the article the Use of torture.In the work The Proportionality ofMeans and Ends The Case againstTorture in a Democratic Society? the author Joaqun Jareo- Alarcn raises an important issue discussing the adjust of torture defenders. Torture defenders in the modern society state that torture should be used as a method to get the necessary information. The author expresses the negative attitude to this approach with terrorist activities becoming an progressively serious threat to democracy over the past ten years, the morality of torture is now an issue at the forefront of political

Reading Summary Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 3

Reading Summary - Essay Exampleto recognize changing customers requirements, identify adjacencies that may complement its existing products and in general, developed new products that anticipate customers needs. The networked solution generates pool of creative ideas that are tested for their relevance and undergo comprehensive R&D, marketing research, marketing and other functions in front they are launched. It has given P&G significant competitive advantage in the market.Tapping the Worlds Innovation Hot Spots informs one about the different ways squiffys innovate in drift to meet their strategic goals. The authors have broadly identified five major determines of innovations that are used by firms focused factory brute force Hollywood erect-scale ecosystem and system integration. Focused factory model concentrates on few tasks or fields using talent pool to innovate. Brute force utilizes large number of ideas to develop highly useful and creative products. Firms forge allian ces with universities and academia to tap new ideas. Hollywood model helps create special place same Silicon Valley where smart entrepreneurs gather and slam out new ideas for innovation. Large-scale ecosystem is developed as response to emergencies or external environment like economic breakdown. Initiatives are often taken by national governments that give incentives to domestic agencies. System integration refers to services including R&D facilities and infrastructure that may be used by other firms to dress their corporate strategies with models of innovation that best complement their competencies or requirements. The article is important as it expands on firms innovation

The Relationship Between the Retail Price of Gasoline and the World Essay

The Relationship Between the Retail Price of Gasoline and the World command for Crude Oil - Essay ExampleIt can found in much abundance in one place which cease to exist at some other country. This instability in the geographical distri neverthelession of crude oil books it instead an important resource to be present in whatsoever country. The countries with its abundant deposits are on the top of the food chain economically and the countries with lesser deposits of it are quite weak economically. Hence proving the significance of crude oil for economies. Now crude oil is non except used for production of Gasoline but many other petroleum products are kindleed from it. From this we can extract that crude oil has more demand as a commodity and is not only needful for the production of gasolene. Gasoline is a refined form of crude oil. Crude oil is extracted or purchased in raw form and goes through various subtlety processes to produce gasoline. Gasoline has become as the sanctioned commodity which has been in use for decades now as the primary fuel for powering transportation. The transportation requirements shit been increase separately year as the population of the world increases by a significant percentage each year. Hence increasing the amount of fuel being consumed each year and the demand for gasoline. Now gasoline and crude oil have developed a relationship in which the demand for both are increasing but Gasoline is dependent on crude oil for its production hence reservation it the dependent product. The global demand for both gasoline and crude oil is on the rise and with no new large deposits being excavated the return is not increasing much and the demand is growing make the prices for both oil and gasoline head upward. The gasoline we purchase majorly includes the cost of Crude oil , the refining , marketing and distribution and the taxes. So from this we can infer that there is a inversely relationship amongst the supply of crude oil and the price of gasoline. Also in the years we have seen where the oil prices have dropped but gasoline prices have risen which is due to the accompaniment that there are disruptions in the supply of oil due to unrest in the middle east. (Fuel, 2011) We also can observe this for a item that the prices of gasoline rise accordingly with the rise of crude oil price but they dont fall at the very(prenominal) rate when price of crude oil falls. The matter behind this fact is that when prices are high , the seller have to increase it so that they cover up for their profit margins but what makes the retailers puzzle price down when the price for crude oil falls is competition. In competition the retailers bring down a few cents to draw in more customers and so on the process continues until they impart a point where they reach their original profit margins or the price of crude oil again increases. Also the demand imbalance of gasoline across various seasons also has an effect on retail pricing of gasoline. (US Energy Information Administration, 2003) 2. Explain what Marathon could do to keep the price at the inwardness the same without losing profits if global crude production decreased by 10%. In such a situation strategic alliances should be formed on the basis of which Marathon can make bulk purchases and at cheaper rates. If such step is not taken then Marathon will not be able to maintain a stable profit margin. By doing this Marathon will be able to purchase inventory to stock up at cheaper costs and also at the same time have enough fuel supply which would be enough to carry out trading operations even if there is a supply disruption of crude oil. Marathon can employee the use of

The Judiciary Committee of the Virginia State Bar Association Essay

The Judiciary Committee of the Virginia State Bar crosstie - Essay ExampleThe membership of the Virginia State Bar is restricted to five categories that are active members, accomplice members, disabled and retired members, judicial members, and the emeritus members. Each group of members has defined roles and responsibilities that are aimed at ensuring the Bars responsibility to the state is achieved in the most integrated way possible. Members also belong to different committees with the juridic Candidate Evaluation Committee being responsible for the consideration and search of appropriate nominees to fill each judicial vacancies. The constitution of the committee is thirteen active members. These members are carefully selected to ensure that each of the hug drug existing disciplinary districts in Virginia is represented, while the other three are from the state. Each members election restricts them to remain in office for only three year terms after which they are no longer e ligible candidates. In addition, the election of the committee members is by the Council upon the recommendation of the nominating committee.

Keeping the peace Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

keeping the peace - Essay ExampleThe United Nations The decision of the United Nations is to act as a globose governing body finished which peace is negotiated and attained. The U.N. has the capacity to help states find peaceful resolutions between nations when in that respect is a dispute or the emergence of a employment. The ways in which the disputes can be handled through the U.N. complicate diplomatic settlements, legal decisions, or through third party resolutions in which the dispute is mediated. The conceit of non-peaceful means of dispute resolutions is not acceptable under the provisions of belonging to the U.N. According to U.N. Charter 2, element 4, member states are required to settle their disputes through peaceful means in order to persist international peace, security and justice (Ryan, 2000). During the Cold War there was a general disdain for the U.N. by the United States. During the 1980s, this belief in the power of the U.N. for acting on behalf of the land further diminished as the organization could not hold control over the actions within the Middle East. When Israel invaded southern Lebanon, the United Nations had hardly a symbolic involvement, the actual withdrawal from Beirut attempted to be negotiated by the Multinational get out which was comprised of the United States, France, and Italy. This failed as the United States began to bomb opposing forces of the Lebanese government. The lesson that should have been learned was one of honest roles of those who are intended to seek peace between two forces that are in dispute (Ryan, 2000). During the Malvinas/Falklands conflict, the comparable sort of impartiality was ignored as the British and United States refused to accept peace that did not include the withdrawal of Argentinian forces. Other regions of the world in which the U.N. had little effect upon the establishment of peace were during the Iran/Iraq war, the conflict in Cypress and in the Western Sahara, as well as i n Central America. nerve-racking to keep peace in Afghanistan has been historically difficult for the U. N (Ryan, 2000). In 1994, Luard and Heater (1994) were asking the point as to whether or not the experiment that is the U.N. had failed. Part of the answer that they provide is that the U.N. holds its principles even though it has not always been able to convince various nations to follow their advice in keeping conflicts to a peaceful dialogue rather than deteriorating into war. However, they did conclude that the U.N. had contributed little in any way that was meaningful to creating peace within the world in the previous years which would include the 1980s (Luard & Heater, 1994). The question then becomes based upon the real purpose that the U.N. can hold in the world if it has no real powers either through persuasion or through law to support the overall peaceful existence between states in the world. Where the U.N. fails, however, other operations that are more closely tied to the states in question have had greater success as they work out the disputes for which they represent. World Peace Organizations Some of the world peace organizations that have had success in

Call Center Report- from a cultural perspective (includes Essay

Call Center Report- from a cultural perspective (includes communication) - quiz ExampleThe organization acquired necessary property for the call centre and a number of key centering employees having British citizenship will supervise the call centre.A UK based company extended the commercial enterprise into the pay and insurance sector with a banking and finance division which was incorporated with around 50,000 customer accounts in middle 2000s. Overtime it became costlier to provide services to the customers hence to achieve financial savings in 2011, a ratiocination was taken as part of the five-year strategic plan to open an inbound call centre extracurricular the UK afterward manila, Philippine was chosen. The aim of this call centre is to achieve financial savings as swell up as the benefits of outsourcing while providing satisfactory services to the customers of the company. This report is being prepared to achieve the following objectivesManila is one of the most en ergetic and diverse cities of Asia. This city is an extensive mass of humanity, acutely reflecting long heritage of cultures and classes. Straddling the Pasing Rivers delta, the Philippines capital is actually a group of cities fused into one. There are plenty of highlights in each sub city within Manila. Almost all sorts of life-style facilities and entertainments are available in this city, a number of worlds biggest shopping-malls are in Manila. Depending on the interest of the people spirited nightlives attract the tourist to Manila (Margaret W. Sullivan, The Philippines Pacific Crossroads).In the Philippines call centres were started with the services of email responses and germane(predicate) managing services. These centres have the capabilities managing and maintaining all types of customer care, customer relations including technical support, travel services, education, financial services, business to business support, business to customer

Teacher Attrition Dissertation Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

instructor Attrition - Dissertation ExampleThe paper tells that this remains a widely acclaimed reality that maintaining a exalted level of instructor feeling forms the critically important factor which ensures student achievement. With myriad types of demons endangering the teacher quality presently, students are consequently facing more and more problems to ensure individual academic accomplishments. The tendency of difference schools and command profession by the learned and advisedr teachers results in an inability to preserve an experienced teaching club and this produces umpteen deteriorating influences on the students. What seems to decrease forward as a really deplorable reality is that many educational officials think that simply replacing those teachers lost to corrasion by hiring new teachers could be an impressive remedy. Presently, many authentic reports have denied such a fake proposition of undermining the critical nature of teacher attrition by easily hiri ng new teachers. Mississippi education administrators have taken a wise decision to take the challenge of reducing the teacher attrition rates to a structural level. Still, a great deal needs to be addressed regarding the final payment of teacher attrition and this research aspires to knead a contrisolelyion to this ongoing effort with results based on certain questions. The fact that teachers constantly spread with the experienced teachers leaving and new teachers entering the teaching process to leave it within a bridge of years leaves the students with no proper education which seriously interferes with their academic dreams. This is exactly why teacher attrition is such a hotly debated issue and deemed to be such an emergency based situation in America for the past many years. This remains a research-based reality that high level of performance on the part of students is directly related with lower attrition rates. Teacher training plans based on long-acting time periods s imilarly greatly helps in provoking the teachers to spread over teaching in schools and colleges well later the teaching training process ends. Research survey has also shown that separate out plays a phenomenal fictional character in promoting the teachers to quit teaching soon. Lack of confidence comes in handy with high level of stress and together they convince a teacher to ignore the students learning needs and consider them less important. This issue can be resolved significantly with the help of long teacher training processes which each teacher should be required to engage in prior to becoming a professional scholar. People come in the teaching profession with a sense of purpose very clear in their minds but due to lack of recognition, support, and stipend issues, they get bound to leave much earlier than necessary thereof increasing turnover rate among teachers. Every year in the United States, schools conservatively spend $2.2 cardinal on the recruiting, hiring, and training of teachers to replace those who have left teaching (Alliance for Excellent Education, 2005). Continuous support is also found to have played a phenomenal role in reinforcing teachers self-esteems and their decisions to stay and continue teaching for the benefit of their students. This shows that teacher factors related to attrition come first and should not be ignored at any cost. Even a teacher being paid a top-notch salary can never be expected to continue teaching and unaffected all the time despite being demoralised and not motivated in a proper manner. In response to the first question, the factor of salary is found to be positively related with the teachers decision to remain in the profession and which also seems to be consistent with the past research done on the relation between salary and teachers decision to continue or quit teaching. High teacher salaries result in increased commitment and

RBA Decrease Rates for Christmas Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

RBA Decrease Rates for Christmas - Essay representativeThe economy is made up of various components and each and every single component simulates the economy differently. In the explanation and analysis of the RBA Decrease Rates for Christmas article, a number of economic components are considered. These components aid intense analysis of the article based on the context of actions taken by the RBA, Central Bank and the economic responses experienced in the financial markets and the economy at large. immix beseech and supply plays a primal role in the economy, determining the overall level of performance of the economy1. Unemployment and pretentiousness are key determinants of the forethought that the economy takes and they both affect decisions made within the economic context. Monetary policy on the an early(a)(prenominal) hand is undertaken by the Central Bank as a measure to manage the economy aboard fiscal policy. The two measures are crucial in managing currency trend s that further determine the level of inflation in the economy. Analysis in the Context of Economic Concepts/Theories Aggregate demand and Supply The economic poser is made of different sectors and industries. Each constituent sector or industry contributes towards the overall welfare of the economy. Aggregate demand and supply denotes the entire economys output. ... Aggregate demand brings on board summarise spending in the economy. The different levels of spending in the economy are made up of consumption, investment, political relation purchases and net exports3. The aggregate supply curve comprises of an inflationary and a non-inflationary region. This factor provides a basic article of belief for the required analysis in this paper. Different factors affect both aggregate demand and aggregate supply. withal the interaction of the two is critical to any given analysis in the economy. National output kindle be either nominal or veritable, depending on the price base used i n their computation. Where much stable prices are used to compute national output given an identified base year, real national output is computed. On the other hand, where current prices are used, nominal national output is computed. authorized GDP is obtained when the aggregate demand and aggregate supply interact. On the same point, the resultant equilibrium results in the national inflation rate4. The figure below shows an aggregate demand-aggregate supply model A number of factors affect both aggregate demand and aggregate supply. Only the factors that are important to this analysis will be highlighted. Income, wealth, credit availability, government demand, investment and future expectations on inflation, income, wealth and interest rates causes the aggregate demand curve to shift to the right upon an increase in any of them. An increase in some other factors causes the aggregate demand curve to shift leftwards. These are interest rates and taxation. On the other hand, a righ tward shift is observed on the aggregate supply when prior investment,

Communication Media Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

confabulation Media Analysis - Essay Example20. What are tailfin non-verbal communications elements characteristic of this specialty (Answer) The appearance of the chronicle that was sent, how the document was hitd before it was sent, the font and type size, layout, & writing style.21. What are five types of noise that this communications medium is subject to (e.g., anything in the environment that delays, distorts, or destroys the message) (Answer) The fax machine being without paper, an interruption in the profit connection, problems with the telephone connection, how the person is speaking on the other end of the phone, the fax line is busy.23. Ability to produce a document that is able to be read, the ability to know whatever the needs are of the receiver, to quiet a coherent message, understanding an understanding of whatever the urgency is, & know the information needs.25. What are five communications situations in which this medium could be appropriately used (Answer) Pl acing an order with a supplier, providing the results to a doctors office, providing an agenda for a meeting, giving a report to a co-worker, & giving an assignment to an instructor.27.

LONG-TERM OBJECTIVES Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

LONG-TERM OBJECTIVES - Essay ExampleExecutives of companies consider the long-term objectives before deciding the necessary organisational changes. Since objectives have timelines, they serve as guidelines for the organization to determine the strategies used to achieve them. Executive teams involved in strategic planning should differentiate amongst value disciplines, generic and grant strategies if they seek to gain free-enterprise(a) advantage. Notably, generic strategies denote the ideas that an organization slew use to have an advantage over competitors in the market. triad different generic strategies exist. They include low- salute leadership, differentiation, and center on differentiation (Dye & Sibony, 2007).Low-cost leadership involves the reduction of the cost of production. Since a company registers inflict production costs, it can offer standard products at relatively lower prices than competitors can. Differentiation involves the improvement of product features in an effort to add value to the customers. Differentiation may extend in premium prices for the products. Focus differentiation targets a specific market segment. Companies that indulge in the focus differentiation design unique products that can satisfy the needs and expectations of an identified target market that can pay premium prices. On the other hand, value disciplines include operational excellence, customer intimacy, and product leadership. Finally, executives should spread considerations to grant strategies, which denote the basic directions that they should follow in making strategic decisions (Ali, 2014). Understanding the difference between value disciplines, generic and grant strategies are of critical importance when companies seek to gain competitive

Preparing a Budget Request Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Preparing a Budget Request - date ExampleHowever, the rising population could make it hard for the law of nature to carry out their duties as efficaciously as they should. There suck in been reports that the annoyance order in the downtown area has gone up. I wish to pass leash to five additional natural law officers for the city. This ordain ensure that crime rate is at a minimal level and the officers are not overworked (Mikesell, 2010). Currently the towns police segment has 30 uniformed officers and 12 support staff. This translates to a ratio of 1 police officer for every 2,500 residents. Studies have shown that places with higher populations are likely to harbor more crime than less be areas. In this town, the population is change magnitude at a steady rate, which means that the likelihood of increased crime is a reality that needs to be dealt with as early and as fast as affirmable (Reif-Lehrer, 2005). The town residents are well aware that the police subdivis ion is currently understaffed. Individuals who are out to endeavor trouble also know this. The downtown area is most vulnerable to crime out-of-pocket to the businesses determine in the area. Most of the economy of this town depend son the retail trade that is solely pertain on the downtown area. If crime rate around this downtown area goes unchecked, the businesses exit suffer, and so will the economy of the town. The other areas are relatively secure and regular police patrols do ensure that law and order are maintained at all times. An additional three or more police officers would ensure that business in the downtown area continues without people fearing that they might loose business due to crime. Currently the officers are overwhelmed with work, and this situation is not likely to become any better due to the change magnitude population. The town does need more officers on patrol, especially at night. Due to the shortage the police department is facing at the moment, mos t officers are forced to work over time past their designated shifts. The department has not had any bare(a) officers for the last six years, despite the fact that the work load has been increasing during the same duration. Most of these officers are family men and women while others have other commitments. We have tried to assign some of the duties performed by uniformed officers to other employees, but this strategy has failed to make the work of the officers any less. It would then be futile to continue in this line of action since it will not bear harvest (Reif-Lehrer, 2005). As chief of police, I was aware of the growing need for additional officers. I had tried to request for more officers last year, but my request was not granted. The manager has already been briefed of this growing workload situation. With three to five more police officer, the work load in the department will go down. clip will be distributed equitably among all the officers so that no one will have to happen more time at work than other officers. Failure to fund this request may have multiple negative effects on the department and the towns residents. The officers available for duty will continue to suffer under too much pressure due to too much work. If the extra officers do not come within the year, we will have to disregard some duties and concentrate on the most pressing of the towns security needs. This will bring on another caper that of inefficiency (Kemp and Dunbar, 2003). The department will need to perform exemplarily in all its responsibilities for the greater good of the community. This is an urgent

Voices of Youth Violence Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Voices of Youth frenzy - Essay ExampleThe youth are a very vulnerable group in the confederacy and should always be handled with care. Not that they are delicate but they are an easy target when it comes to danger. The rules of particular date for a changed society that is ready to adopt t new way of doings things should be founded on honesty and respect as suggested by therapist Pipher. Understanding the rules of engagement, such as tone in arguments of the youth, would be much easier to solve their issues and come up with a more organized society when it comes to finish making processes. The youth deserve respect, and need to be heard when airing their voices about violence or for how long shall they cry go unanswered? Their decision making process is compromised and any attack which pass on be launched on them despite of type will for sure compromise their activities. The Dalai Lama posits that The purpose of career is to be happy and to make others happy. From a keen perspe ctive, these words and more so Harveys literary argument from his book do carry a natural and much more attention to the platitudes of politicians that motivates one to insure that such cases which lead to the death of young people in the society are generated and instigated by a certain group of people which in one way or the other, leave an indelible phiz on peoples psyche.

Technology Evaluation Same time, Same place Essay

Technology Evaluation selfsame(prenominal) time, Same place - Essay ExampleThis is because the reading is present in peoples profiles and as well as it is easier to ask the chat friends to find the information you need. This technology compacts efforts of working(a) together where you have to organize meetings and turn over a lot of time arguing and in conflict resolution, hence the amount of time exhausted working on tasks is reduced.In the political dimensions, the technology helps reach relevant people needed for act of the performance goals. The technology can reach managers due to many people being connected in the chat and this enables sharing of ideas, challenges, saves time and costs hence meeting the expectations and goals of the job description and valuing workers whom much information is shared with (Chickowski, 2009).The Internet Relay Chat helps the team members in the organization to complete tasks quickly because they reduce time for paper work and searching cu stomers and suppliers, this so improves productivity. Due to the chat containing personal information of contrastive individuals, team members understand each other well in terms of their strengths and weaknesses hence effective working relationship among those team members.Technologically, the Internet Relay Chat enables individuals to use their personal computers and even their mobile phones to chat. This therefore means that connectivity with individuals in remote parts is enabled due to the use of mobile phones and personal computers. The technology of the earnings chat enables integration with applications in the intranet of the individuals using the technology hence allows its wider

The Search for Identity Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The bet for Identity - Essay ExampleHence, it must be inherent for a hu mankind to essay for his or her own identity all throughout his or her existence on earth.In regard to the said(prenominal) facts, this paper aims to dissect and explicate the search for identity in the two novels namely Their Eyes Were notice God by Zora Neale Hurston and Run With The Horsemen by Ferrol Sams. Moreover, quotes from the said novels shall also be cited as well as to determine how it can be a conscious and, at the same time, an unconscious process, thus exemplifying the essence of this essay.Janie Mae Crawford is the friend in this novel. Aside from her quest for true love and standing up for her rights, contempt the hindrances caused by the seemingly double jeopardy of being a charr and a black citizen- two symbolized an undeniable societal inferiority, she also has a search to find her real identity, that is, who she really is and what she is standing for.Janies search for her identity is but a conscious effort. She knew what she really wanted she wanted to be free At first, she was seemingly under the control of the values that nursemaid, her grandm some other, has in quenched in her young mind, thereby submitting herself to marry a man whom she doesnt even love. Nevertheless, her efforts to focalise herself free can be seen in as early as the fountain chapters of the novel, particularly when she left Logan to go with Jody. Moreover, when her relationship with Jody was on the rocks, she has an intense desire to be free from Jodys tyranny. Eventually, subsequently Jodys death, she has won her price of liberty. In addition, after her third husbands (Tea Cake) death, she has definitely liberated herself from all the bondage entanglements in her life.The following quotations are the salient evidences wherein Janie consciously and successfully found her identity1. Now that she is alone, she begins to examine her feelings and realizes that she hates Nanny for the value s with which Nanny raised her (ch. 9). Rationale/Analysis She was able to identify her own values as distinct from that of her grandmothers, as a result of her experiences.2. She looks in a mirror and sees that she has aged but is still beautiful. She rips off her head-rag, freeing her imprisoned hair... (ch. 8). Rationale/Analysis Soon after Jodys death, she realized her worth and her new-found emancipation through this symbolic act.3. As she trudges down the main road they envy her physical beauty, particularly her long, straight hair.... but she doesnt hinder to talk to them (ch. 1). Rationale/Analysis This line from the story is actually the ending part, that is, the novel is just set to do a flashback. In this scenario, Janie was walking at the road in a carefree manner. after all that had happened, she has already found her true identity and therefore, she did not bother to care about what other people will think about her because she has now emerged as a confident and an em powered woman with a unique identity.The Search for identity as seen in Run With The HorsemenAs Porter Sambo Osborne Jr., the protagonist in the story, sails his journey through adolescence, his search for identity can be regarded as a indispensable phenomenon. This is especially true in the developmental stage where he is into. According to Erik Erikson, a renowned developmental theorist whose works are constantly cited by

Defining the Nature of Happiness Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Defining the character of gratification - Essay ExampleThe happier you atomic number 18, the better your life is going for you. Yet the nature of happiness stiff controversial. Some claim that happiness is fundamentally a matter of sensory pleasure and pain - if you argon experiencing a favorable balance of pleasurable sensations over painful unrivalleds, you are able. Others say that to be happy is to be getting your desires well-off, whatever these desires may be. Still others say that to be happy is to be satisfied with your life as a whole.1There are many ways which a individual can do to himself to experience happy. Everybody is in the pursuit of happiness and in my view there is no way that person feel ultimate happiness. Some aspect of art and some of science are necessary for sense happiness for short time period. Nothing is forever neither happiness it doesnt misbegotten that the person feel guilty or sad because of that thing which make him happy. Everybody after s ometime volition seduce new aim to fulfill which they think ordain make them happy.Satisfaction leads to happiness, so in whatever condition we are we should do ignore our bigger aims and concentrate on little things which pull up stakes make us happy on daily basis. We should count all our blessings and write it in a journal which will give you satisfaction. You should practice some acts of kindness like give charity or help someone genuinely. Relish joys of life, remember all the good moments of your life which will make you smile in less happy moments. If there is a mentor who has helped you in any way which had made things better in your life, thank him. Forgive a person who has hurt you by writing an electronic mail or giving him a phone call and it will help you a lot to belong on. Personal relationship should be developed like visit family or spend time with friends you will not feel lonely and sad. There is nobody who hasnt seen hardships of life, so religion will be y our the Nazarene and believe in this shall too pass. You have to take a lot of care of your body because rosy life is necessary to be happy, irregular timings of sleeps and meals will lead to sickness and you will be worried. acknowledge plenty of sleep, practice smiling and exercise to feel better3. One of the greatest delusions related to happiness is that one need money to be happy. But if you study people around then you will feel there is not much truth in it, as rich people do not automatically become happy if they get money and poor people do not automatically unhappy if they dont get money4. Another big misconception about happiness is that one needs someone else to be happy. Happiness comes from within oneself and a person can himself control their happiness. The third big misconception about existence happy is that one needs to be lucky to be happy. Happiness doesnt depend on luck. Happiness is to open oneself to happiness and to look for places where one can find hap piness. So one should have a positive approach towards life one should not wait for happiness to come to them but you have to open your life to be happy. There are many realistic benefits which can cultivate higher(prenominal) levels of personal importance, satisfaction and happiness, besides just feeling

Comparison of Israeli and Iraqi Coalition Parliamentary Governments Research Paper

comparability of Israeli and Iraqi Coalition Parliamentary Governments - Research Paper ExampleUnder such circumstances, in order to avoid form _or_ system of government-making stalemate, small parties may support larger parties to get majority in the parliament and to form the government. Instead of a government led by a single troupe as in the case of United Sates, a government led by multiple parties (Coalition government) may take charge in countries manage India, Israel, Iraq etc. Unlike governments led by single society system, coalition governments cannot function independently because of the varied views, opinions, ideologies and policies of the members of the different semipolitical parties in the coalition government. This paper comp atomic number 18s the govern of ethnic groups or culture upon Israeli and Iraqi coalition governments. Analysis Methodology Iraq and Israel are the twain prominent countries in Middle East which have coalition governments at present. However, Israel and Iraq are entirely different countries as far as culture is concerned Arabs or Muslims dominate the population in Iraq whereas Israel is the Jews state. It should be noted that these two countries have different ethnic groups. Each ethnic group and each constituent in these two countries have separate political parties which argue for the interest of the particular community or region. Israel is a Jewish country whereas Iraq is a Muslim country. However, clashes in Iraq between different ethnic groups are more than that in Israel even though both the countries have coalition governments at present. I would like to compare the functioning of these coalition governments in order to learn more about the influence of ethnic differences upon the functioning of coalition governments. Influence of ethnic groups or culture upon Israeli coalition government political parties in Israel can be classified into two broad categories Zionist parties and non-Zionist parties. n on-Zionist parties are negligible in number and strength. Labor Zionism (social democrat), Revisionist Zionism (conservative) and Religious Zionism are the major political thoughts among Zionist parties. Out of these three political philosophies, Religious Zionism is comparatively weaker than the other two which is the major reason why the influence of religion upon Israeli politics is comparatively lesser than that in Iraq. Israels new coalition government (created in January 2011) has develop more conservative in its domestic policy position and more hawkish in its foreign policy stance. A series of events in late months highlights this trend, including disagreements between Israeli Prime Minister Binyamin Netanyahu and US death chair Barack Obama regarding an appropriate basis for peace negotiations with Palestinians, Israels response to the Hamas-Fatah reconciliation deal, and its response to clashes with Palestinians along its borders in recent months. In addition, the count rys changing demographic profile signals that conservative political groups are possible to exert more influence over the medium-to-long term as well1. As in the case of umteen other countries in the world, conservative parties and big(a) and democratic parties are more in Israel also. Conservatives normally may not give up their traditional beliefs and tougher stands on global issues easily. On the other hand liberal and democratic parties usually keep a space for accommodating changes in line with the political and frugal developments in the world. One of the major curses facing by Israeli politics is the excessive number of political parties which keep extremely different views on

Oxidation-Reduction Series Essay Example for Free

Oxidation-Reduction Series EssayPlace 10 drops of surface nitrate, Zn(N03)2 into healthy A3 of the 24-well plate. 5. Place 10 drops of smoothing iron (Ill) chloride, FeC13 into well A4 of the 24-well plate. 6. Place 10 drops of Copper (II) sulfate, Cu S04 into well A5 of the 24-well plate. 7. Take the surface solids from your LabPaq 8. Use your tweezers to pick up and carefully enwrap the piece of magnesium into the sodium sulfate. read your mirror images. 9. Carefully insert a piece of zinc into the magnesium sulfate. Record your observations. 10. Carefully insert a piece of lead into the zinc nitrate. Record your observations. 11. Carefully insert the lead into the entreat Ill) chloride.Record your observations. 12. In the same way carefully insert the iron into the copper (II) sulfate. Record your observations. 13. Place a paper towel over the drain of your sink and pour the contents of the well plate by dint of it. 14. Throw the paper towel and metal pieces in the t rash Rinse the well plate and your oxidoreduction table (below) Reactions Mg Na2S04 -+ drain wit n running water. Da sodium is stronger than magnesium, turned iron duller, little amount of bubbles Zn in MgS04 Little to no reaction Less of an reaction than the Fec13, further kind of changed color Pb in FeC13 +Changed its color made it slimy green Fe CUS04 exclusively stripped nail, turned the tip orange Conclusion I was surprised at the reaction that Iron had because although I did expect some reaction I didnt expect that much of a reaction. I was as well as surprise at how subtle Pb and Zinc and Pb in Iron could be, I smell out that this lab was beneficial in honing our observational skills as some of the reactions where starker to see at first, such as Zinc in milligram. Potential Sources of Error I feel that human error could destroy this examine because if you dont clean the well you wouldnt get an accurate response from the metal.I also thought that the pipet was hard to get the accurate amount of drops out (10). Also the time could play a role, if you recorded your observation at different points of the reduction series you might get different answers. Questions A. Based on your observations have an activity series of the metals used. List them in such a way that the most active metal is on the left and the least active metal is on the right. Remember, sodium and copper are metals, too. 1. Iron, Zinc, Lead, Magnesium B. Suppose you inserted a piece of copper into a solution of nickel chloride and bserved no reaction. then if you inserted a piece of iron into the solution of nickel chloride a nickel deposit formed on the fall into place of the well in the well plate. Where does nickel fit into your activity series? 1. Iron, Nickel, Zinc, Lead, Magnesium C. Suppose you inserted a piece of an unknown metal into a solution of zinc (II) nitrate and observed no reaction. Then if you inserted the unknown piece of the metal into the solution of iron (Il l) chloride a deposit formed on the imbue of the well in the well plate. Where does the unknown metal fit into your activity series? 1.

Professional Ethics Essay Example for Free

Professional ethics EssayI believe Gail would non report this event to her superiors or discipline her subordinates. She would not prepare any amends or take action because of the lack of object lesson braveness or military unit she possesses since it takes big courage to raise a voice for the prisoners. She lacks this moral courage because of the ace, vision and personal independency which nock up the courage in an individual. Gail needs to have a good moral courage in order to do the right thing. Even if she realized the dilemma faced by the prisoners who were manhandled, she did not possess the courage to complain about this treatment being given to the prisoners.In other words, she lacked integrity in doing the right thing. Because of this weak personal integrity on her part, Gail didnt feel courageous becoming to report about this event. Since vision comes from having seen the actions of others and their consequences, Gails vision contributed to her weak moral char acter with no courage. She sawing machine that the soldiers who had previously reported for the abuse were disciplined themselves first or were not listened to by the superiors.Moreover, one of them had to add his home town and live the rest of his life with another identity. This led to form weak moral character in her personality. Because of no personal independence she didnt feel independent enough to make the report to the seniors. She had been taken from the CPA firm to serve in the USA army which doesnt face to be her independent decision. Moreover, the consequences she had witnessed of those who reported before didnt give her courage to report about the matter.

Martin Luther King speech Essay Example for Free

Martin Luther queen speech EssayI think Martin Luther moguls speech make the strongest argument when Martin Luther King once said, I save a dream that my four little children will one day live in a nation where they will not be judged by the color of their skin, but by the content of their character. This state rang towards the steps of the Lincoln Memorial to the eager, listening ears of people who wanted reform. August 28, 1963, marked the day when Martin Luther King jr. had changed more than just Washington. More than America. He had envisioned a life where everyone would be considered equal, and everyone would prosper. He had begun to change the world.This historic event took place 48 years ago, and realityy alterations in society commence occurred since then. If Martin Luther King Jr. had never been born, however, racism and segregation would still exist and even burgeon. Martin Luther King Jr. was the exemplar for civil rights, the paragon of justice. Without him, li fe would be malevolent for me, an Indian from the hot, arid land where the aggroup runs free and nature is totally-abundant. There would be no variety in America. The majority would constantly reign over over the minority and tensions would erupt. Martin Luther King Jr. gave the minority a voice of reason and hope.When King spoke, he reached peoples hearts and minds at the same time. He dug down deep into issues of racial discrimination and presented alternatives of rage and equality. Racists struck down his ideas, but others were moved and worked to better society as he wished. King was a loving man, one that wished people would listen and follow him but he did not force them.If Martin Luther King had never been born we would have never been able to, as a nation, act as a role model to help these countries on their quest to become industrialized nations. America would become exuberant of arrogance, and we would not participate in national affairs with an open mind. The Declara tion of Independence, a document which we holdup in our hearts so fervently, summarizes Martin Luthers Kings purpose in life We hold these truths to be self-evident that all men are created equal. Today, all men are indeed created equal, but would that have been recognized without this man who went against the norms of society and rose in the ranks

Risk of Schizophrenia Essay Example for Free

Risk of schizophrenic psychosis EssayOver the last few decades Schizophrenia has become embedded in mainstream vernacular as any behavior or aflame chemical reaction that is out of touch with reality. However even up with its popularity heightened through movies and headline news stories, schizophrenic disturbance is lighten unmatchable of the near enigmatic and least understood disorders of the mastermindiac. With current research foc utilize on the office staff of neurobiology and functioning on a cellular level, investigative analysis has merited new innovations towards its source, moreover a single organic amaze for the disorder suave eludes scientists. Although the foundation of the affliction is still unknown, its effects ar well documented and over the next few pages will show the changes in the brain as the disease develops, and how those alterations imp be active the rest of the body and alter various other functions throughout the viscera.The term Schiz ophrenia was first coined in 1911 by Swiss psychiatrist Dr. Eugen Bleuler and translates from the original Greek as schizo (split) and phrene (mind), making a literal translation of split-mind, in reference to the disjointed thinking of those with the disease (Johnstone, 1994). Although the term was first used in the early twentieth century, according to scholars a madness was described in The Ebers Papyrus, a entreaty of ancient Egyptian medical examination papers dating back to 1550 BC, which accurately depicts some of schizophrenic disorders symptoms (Johnstone, 1994). With its possible documentation over three millennia ago and its symptoms documented in a myriad of medical journals throughout history, the disorder itself is very r atomic number 18. Those who are at the highest risk of manifestation are offspring whose parents are both schizophrenic, although even at this rate the risk of manifestation is about forty-six percent.Globally however its prevalence is about 0.9 p ercent or fifty-eight million people worldwide (Hollandsworth, 1990). According to throng G. Hollandworth of the University of Southern Mississippi, schizophrenia is primarily characterized by a disintegration of reality perception, consciousness, and notion bidding which results in a debilitated proficiency in social and professional faculties (Hollandworth, 1990). charm schizophrenia bay window just about arguably be classified as a predominantly genetic affliction, there are others factors which potful contribute to its development even without a genetic predisposition. These elements include birth defects such as hypoxia and secondary birth rate, neuroanatomical anomalies, viral infections, along with low IQ and cerebralatrophy (Hollandsworth, 1990). While these components in themselves are not sufficient enough to cause the disorder, they result in an increased risk for ontogeny the disease.One theory for the cause of schizophrenia that has been studied with great valid ity is the dopamine hypothesis. This theory postulates that schizophrenia is caused by an overabundance of the dopamine-dependent lands of the brain causing an imbalance that affects the entire system (Hollandsworth, 1990). For this reason many of nows schizophrenia intercession drugs inhibit dopamine receptor occupation in an attempt to depict it to its natural equilibrium. Although even with advances in modern science and new drugs being developed every day, the disease is still precisely treatable and its symptoms still go forth even with proper medication. Even with its origin unknown, scientists brook discovered several chromosomes which when reproachd or mutated, greatly increase the risk of developing schizophrenia. The chromosomes in particular that act as catalysts are chromosome numbers twenty-two, six, and eleven (Klar, 2004).Chromosome six contains several genes that are linked with immune response which has given rise to the belief that schizophrenia has som e association with weakened disease fighting agents. While damage to this chromosome may be linked to the source of the ailment, it may only be the jump grump that kicks off the path to developing the illness. For as scientists know, a missing immune response caused by chromosome damage can theoretically leave the body vulnerable to infection, which are facilitators that can bring about the consequence of the disorder (Hollandsworth, 1990). Chromosome twenty-two on the other hand is linked with the dopamine hypothesis as this celestial sphere houses enzymes that aid in transporting neurotransmitters. These neurotransmitters, mainly catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) and proline dehydrogenase (PRODH) are essential for the breakdown of dopamine. Any disruptions in this particular theater can trigger an overabundance or shortage of dopamine, potentially resulting in developing positive or negative schizophrenia symptoms (Chakravarti, 2002).Lastly, chromosome eleven has been asso ciated with schizophrenia on the grounds of genetic translocation, or a chromosome freakishness caused by faulty rearrangements of various strands of DNA. These faults can occur in any number of genes, however during this process it occurs at times pivotal to cell division, making it easy for genes to be incorrectly rearranged (Klar, 2004). When this happensit can potentially inhibit the development of lateralization of brain function and act as a precursor not only schizophrenia, but other forms of mental illness as well as cognitive impairments (Klar, 2004). once the subject has developed schizophrenia it affects the brain in very specific ways. When the disorder itself first begins to emerge its early symptoms manifest themselves in a period called The Prodormal Phase (Neale ump Oltmanns, 1980). During this phase, which occurs anywhere from six to thirty months before the disease truly emerges, the person may experience social withdrawal, dysphoria, and irrit king. As the disor der progresses the symptoms may become more intense, and newer or positive symptoms may begin to surface.These positive symptoms can include optic and auditory hallucinations, delusions, and disorganized thought processes. In severe cases of thought process deterioration or cognitive slippage, a person can develop schizophasia or word salad where a persons linguistic communication is completely incoherent with no understandable thought or message. Following the positive symptoms of the illness, negative symptoms can appear as well. These symptoms are aspects of the persons personality that have been negated by the disease. They are most commonly expressed by the persons flat or expressionless demeanor, apathy, very bantam scuppered emotion, and continued peculiar behavior (Hollandsworth, 1990). After schizophrenia has completely manifested itself, the patient is usually classified into one of four slips. These types are paranoid, disorganized, catatonic, and undifferentiated. T hose in the paranoid group display an obsession over their delusions or have hallucinations specifically related to a certain subject or idea, and are usually the most operating(a) of all schizophrenics (Johnstone, 1994).Disorganized types are typically ones who display little emotion and act in a disjointed and inarticulate manner, while catatonic schizophrenics are merely ones who appear in torpor and display lethargic indolence. The undifferentiated type however is hybrid of the three previous types and is a miscellaneous faction of all their symptoms combined (Johnstone, 1994). While the outward symptoms may be relatively easy to recognize, inside the brain is a totally different matter. Schizophrenia can cause structural changes in the brain even though a specific cause for these changes is still unknown. These changes in brain structure are illustrated by larger ventricles, a thicker corpus collosum, a decrease in dendritespines in the frontal lobe, disordered hippocampal py ramidical cells, and a shrinkage of the cerebellar vermis, which is mainly responsible for perception.In some studies malformed neuronal migration has been observed which can lead to disjointed thoughts as well as an overall shrinkage of the hippocampus and amygdaloid nucleus (Johnstone, 1994). Due to these changes, a person suffering from the disorder can have reduced functioning in the frontal lobe which can affect their logic and critical thinking skills as well as their ability to successfully plan ahead. This reduced functioning is displayed in the Wisconsin card sorting test, which is administered to measure possible brain damage and assess the functioning of the frontal lobe. Schizophrenics who participate in the test show an inability to successfully transfer their attention to the rules of the exam once they begin. Functional imaging has also shown a lack of activity in the right hemisphere of the frontal lobe during their partaking, which does not increase as the task is administered. It is also shown that in a study by a Dr. Nagy in 1963, that of 260 cases of schizophrenia, roughly fifty-eight percent of the group had some form of cerebral atrophy (Johnstone, 1994).On a cellular level schizophrenia symptoms are thought to be caused by an overabundance of neurotransmitters released between neurons. These neurotransmitters, mainly dopamine and serotonin, in excess can cause hallucinations and delusions which are referred to as positive symptoms. Too little of these neurotransmitters however can result in lack of emotion and motivation which mirror the negative symptoms of the disorder. another(prenominal) type of cell affected by schizophrenia is the pyramidal cell in the prefrontal cortex, or the forehead area of the brain. These cells, which are a type of neuron that serve primarily as excitation units in the prefrontal cortex, are shown to have a decrease in basilar dendrite numbers. These basilar dendrites arise from the base of the pyramidal ce lls soma, and with a decrease in their numbers it can indicate a shortened synaptic surface area resulting in possible fallacious thought processing (Broadbelt, Byne, ump Jones, 2002).Pyramidal cells in the hippocampus are also known to be affected by the disorder can and cause many of the cells in that area to be thrown into disarray, causing cognitive malfunctions. The treatment of this disorder can vary greatly depending on the person however dopamine inhibiting antipsychotics are a very popular remedy. Although prevalent, thesemedications are not perfect and many scientists claim there is still no concrete connection that schizophrenia is altogether a result of faulty dopaminergic transmissions (Neale ump Oltmanns, 1980). It has also been noted that many of the dopamine inhibiting drugs serve only to combat the positive symptoms and leave many of the negative symptoms such as emotional absence unaffected. Another treatment that is still widely used, but much less common is elec troconvulsive therapy or impingement therapy.This treatment is still very controversial but there has been success in treating schizophrenia symptoms completely, although many patients fall back within six months. Studies have also indicated that although this treatment can be effective there are risks of permanent brain damage. According to Dr. Peter Breggin (2008), a psychiatrist at the State University of New York, shock therapy in animal testing showed statistically significant brain structural abnormalities when compared to animals without it. His study showed the electrical shocks caused changes in the nerve cell walls causing gliosis, or a profound increase in the number of astrocytes in impaired areas of the central nervous system (Breggin, 2008). In conclusion, schizophrenia is unique disorder that affects the brain in many ways, yet manifests itself differently from person to person.As there is no tangible rubric for how the disorder will impact the person, it can be a d ifficult illness to treat. Its effects on the brain, from enlarge ventricles to a decline in dendrite spines, shows the major impact the illness can have on financial backing a normal life. Although the disorder afflicts just over fifty-eight million people worldwide it is still devastating to those who are affected and while the medical community makes leaps and bounds in understanding the disease, a cure is still far from the horizon. With psychology grant money from universities being invested predominantly in neuropsychology, perchance sometime in the near future scientists will be able to fully understand this illness and find a successful and permanent cure for it.

Small Package Delivery Industry Essay Example for Free

Small mail boat Deli precise Industry EssayThe belitt lead encase submit deliverance industry is a abstruse competitive environment. The Porters five forces combined give the competing companies the possibility to make benefit with a low risk of door and a anaemic negociate powerfulness of suppliers. The intense rivalry surrounded by them and the infrangible bargaining power of buyers has a negative impact everywhere the prices, which can lower the companies revenues. The close interesting thing about this deterrent example was the struggle of the global preservation company DHL, to enter the joined States market. It was interesting to see how a big company could spend an enormous amount of m nonpareily to leverage all the equipment necessary for a distribution system, and yet not being able to succeed in gaining the market share. Risk of entry by authorization competitors In the small package bear delivery industry the barriers to entry are high which makes the risk of entry by potential competitors a weak force. The economies of scale in this industry are attained by altogether three companies, FedEx, UPS and DHL.They developed convoluted air and ground delivery networks, which are expensive to establish for new entrants this gives the leading firms an absolute embody advantage in the industry. DHL, a huge name in the European delivery market, is an example of distress in this aspect. After buying Airborne pronounce for $1 cardinal and spending $1. 5 billion upgrading it, DHL was forced to get out of the market because of the losses it encountered during 5 years of struggling. Following this event the, northeastern American express delivery industry became dominated by FedEx and UPS.One major element of the barriers to entry is the government regulations. Federal Express waited three years to get the right to fly planes from Memphis to Tokyo, and it got restricted to only 70 lbs per package. Tough government regulations make it di fficult for new companies to enter the industry or in different markets, and it can increase the costs of operations as well. When the force of risk of entry of potential competitors is weak, the gainfulness of the companies that are already competing within the industry increase. Rivalry among established companiesThe rivalry among established companies is very strong in the small package express industry. The industry is consolidated, dominated by three prominent companies, FedEx and UPS in the US and DHL in Europe, which are interdependent. Consolidated industry increase rivalry among established firms because one companys competitive action, such as a change in price, directly put on the market share of its rivals. This can lead to price war, which means that one company follows suit when the new(prenominal) companies lowers the prices. In 1983, UPS offered next-day air service at half a price of its competitors.In order to advance up, Federal Express followed and cut the p rices to match UPS prices. This lead to a price war among competitors, which diminished profitability of the companies competing in this consolidated industry. Bargaining power of buyers The bargaining power of buyers in this industry is a strong force. When the buyers purchase in large quantities, they are able to bargain and reduce the prices. An example discussed in the case is Xerox, which negotiated a lower price for express delivery of its products because of the high volume of the orders and was able to get as much as 60% discounts.The strong force of bargaining power of buyers in the small packages express delivery industry leads to lower prices and less profitability. Bargaining power of suppliers The bargaining power of suppliers in the small package express industry is weak. One example discussed in the case is the acquisition of the retail stores get out Boxes Etc by UPS, which allowed UPS to have a direct contact with the consumers who needed its services. Another exam ple is the Federal Express purchase of Flying Tigers, an international supplier with which Federal Express was working with at that time.This allowed the package express company to reduce the cost of its operations and build a global air express network. By eliminating the direct suppliers with the vertically integrated strategy, the company gains more profits and control. This weak force in the bargaining power of suppliers allow for greater profits for the companies operating within the industry. Substitute products The threats of substitutes in the small package express delivery industry within US and global market is neutral.The evolution of technology over the past few decades has produced several substitute products to small package delivery. The first substitute that was introduces was the fax machines, which do the transfer of documents easier and faster. The internet, a big substitute of the document delivery via email, but it also created online shopping which led to incr eased demand of the small package delivery industry. This gave the industry the opportunity to gain additional profits and replace the profits lost through the innovation of the fax and email.Conclusions and recommendations In the small package delivery industry, the established companies go out continue to play an important role within the industry and their profits will increase, because of the weak bargaining power of suppliers and the high barriers of entry by potential competitors. In a consolidated industry like the one presented in this case, the strong rivalry among established companies and the strong bargaining power of the buyers can lead to profitability losses.

Crouching Tiger and Hidden Dragon Essay Example for Free

Crouching tiger and Hidden Dragon EssayAmong the films giveed, what captures and awaken my interest was the film from Ann Hui entitled Crouching Tiger and Hidden Dragon. Somehow, it was pictured very subtle in the few minutes of the filming, barely at the end you will send word how it was orchestrated and letting subject of the films came across to the mind of the viewers. The movie rear be reflected also how the present vulnerability of whatsoever countries easily reckoned and entice by the overwhelming, numerous offers from the rich and powerful countries in mass meeting of something in their economy and future benefits. Then sooner or later their real intention of their acts tardily surface unveiling the shadow of hypocrites. I do appreciate much how the young and vibrant gorgeous female villain in the movie depict her character of aspiration and patience in achieving her oddment willing to gamble every thing she has in position. The female villain was willing to s et any(prenominal) she has dismantle her demeanor was at stake for that cause of her just to follow through the desire that stirred up her interest for her personal satisfaction and not after for the destruction of the many.Unfortunately, the show of having that Green destiny brand name was not meant for her to hold on forever for she was not the counterbalance one entrusted to look after the sustentation of that green destiny sword. The very least she did, was trying to take the chance of having it. Thought she failed but you notify not see in her face the expression of regrets. She confirm done her best to the best she can but maybe her best was not good enough and the fate of trying was not for the right time and responsibility to hold on that awesome destiny she ever dreamed of.The deuce characters that I fully appreciated to that young and vibrant villain named Jen Yu was so being energetic in prosecute her intention to have that sword and so cool that even a face of t reacherous cleaning woman cannot be seen on her. But all of these Jen Yu adventures were a reflection of her mere fascination to the glamorous life of Yu Shu Lien. Believing that a woman can have so many adventures and achieving such freedom is a real marvelous for her.There we can consider also that it was her fascination for a great adventure and achieving such freedom that pushed her to commit such treachery in her in country. We can not even see any single history played along with the movie the reason why Jen Yu should be doing that kind of stuff. Though there are some influences she received from that witched type kind of a master, but we can see it clearly that she was really using her brain in a proper perspective.I really consider that Jen Yu was just using that witched type female master she clings to every time she has some chaos facing with. She was even more tricky compare to her lady master. But destiny did not fell at her hands for it was not intended to be. The lea st thing she did, was trying her luck on that great adventure of her. While on the other hand, Li Mu Bai, who were on the verge of his own take of finding the missing sword, the Green Destiny who Li Mu Bai believed that finding it the said sword will open an alocus of knowing the real reason of his Masters death.Li Mu Bai life was make coloured in the story due to Jen Yus presence in the said filming. It was Jen Yus character that made the story of Li Mu Bai more interesting and captivating. A little glimpse from the shadow of Jen Yu made Li Mu Bai shine clearly and made it more convincing to believed that such story as that still pull through and continue to exist as long as it calls for someone to defend for the truth and righteousness against those multitude who had bested interest and willing to undermine the welfare of the many.To the question of how the story being orchestrated into the minds of the viewers, well, cinematography did it vividly. The venue of the filming was so simple and environmental yet it helped to make the story essence convey the message across to the minds of the viewers. The setting was so fit for the story because of the title that made it easily to connect with the settings itself of the story. Generally, though the story includes some furious fighting stands using their trademark artistry in handling a sword, still you can sense the compassion that goes with it.There was even a time when Li Mu Bai manner came across with Jen Yu there were instance of chance giving Li Mu Bai to kill Jen Yu. But something holds on to him that reached at the back of his mind about the real motive, personality of the villain. Until such time, confession of the real scenario took place when the two characters met each other for a final encounter to fulfill their individual destiny that would dictate their fate in their future existence of the story.Just like us individual who has our own destiny to fulfill and keep continue to fight for it daily all in the name of personal gratification, satisfaction and survival. Nevertheless, we have to remember always that it is not what we have in position neither those people surrounding us and the potentials that we have that keeps us winning from the race. But it is by a having a big HEART of patience, determination and Humility.

Quality Assessment Essay Example for Free

Quality judgment EssayAssessment practises seduce a powerful impact on acquire and teaching (Curriculum Council of Western Australia, 2004, p. 37). For teachers the focus is on the use of assessment results how they use those results to inform instructional end making and whether they provide results that verify assimilators subscribe to indeed met the tuition targets originall(a)y set.Thus, judgements are made about the note of assessments after the pupils performance. High-quality assessments encompass a number of criterias and involve a great deal more than simply measuring noesis (McMillan, 2011) and are outlined below in seven key areas. 1. Clear Purpose The first decision is clarify the purpose for the assessment. Why is the assessment taking place? What is to be gained from it? Will the teacher be using formative techniques to monitor student progress or leave the teacher use summational techniques to establish grades (Chappuis, Chappuis, Stiggins, 2009)? Kn owing the reason for the assessment is crucial because this will determine what the assessment should look like, how it is administered and scored, and how the results will be used (McMillan, 2011, p.10).2. Defined Learning Targets Are they reasonable and do they align with the state standards, student characteristics and overall goals (McMillan, 2011)? Learning targets imply to be clear and understandable to everyone (Chappuis, Chappuis, Stiggins, 2009). Learning targets are important as they define expectations. 3. Assessment Methods The assessment methods, using either selected or constructed responses, need to align with the chosen knowledge targets (McMillan, 2011).Selecting an assessment method that is incapable of reflecting the intended learning will compromise the accuracy of the results (Chappuis, Chappuis, Stiggins, 2009). These also need to practical and efficient so as not to be too time consuming on lessons. 4. Fairness Fair assessments are unbiased without the i nfluence of discrimination or subjective factors (McMillan, 2011). All students should have an equal opportunity to demonstrate their achievement (Curriculum Council of Western Australia, 2004, p. 38).5.Validity Reliability Judgements should be based on all information and multiple measures that authenticate the conclusion (Curriculum Council of Western Australia, 2004). The assessment is useless unless the inference is appropriate, useful, reasonable and uniform (McMillan, 2011). 6. Criteria Outlining criteria contributes to students learning by making clear the outcomes or goals they are striving for (Curriculum Council of Western Australia, 2004). The issue of how student responses will be evaluated lies at the heart of any type of assessment (McMillan, 2011, p.35).7. Feedback Feedback should be clear and constructive. Feedback by both by the teacher and self-assessment allows students to take responsibility for their learning and helps students identify how they can improve their learning (Killen, 2005, p. 98) and ensure motivation is high through positive consequences. By ensuring the lessons have a clear purpose, are well planned and allow all students to demonstrate their achievements through a fair, valid and reliable process, learning and teaching is improved and achievement is enhanced.High quality assessments have consequences that will be positive for both students and yourself (McMillan, 2011, p. 86). References Chappuis, S. , Chappuis, J. , Stiggins, R. (2009). The Quest for Quality. Multiple Measures , 67 (3), 14-19. Curriculum Council of Western Australia. (2004). Curriculum Framework. Osborne Park W. A. Killen, R. (2005). Programming and assessment for quality teaching and learning. South Thompson Cengage. McMillan, J. H. (2011). Classroom Assessment Principles and Practice for Effective Standards Based Instruction (Fifth ed. ). Boston Pearson.

Bibilical Illusions With The Novel Cry Essay Example for Free

Bibilical Illusions With The Novel address Essay biblical reference within the story Cry the Beloved Country Many multiplication in literary pieces, allusions are put in novels, used to foreshadow the ending of a book. The well-nigh common types of allusions are those from the bible. This is probably because firearmy are familiar with the bible and its stories. The goal of foreshadowing is to suffer a way for the empathizeer to think more ab stunned the big picture, rather than what is pass alonging varlet by page. In the novel, Cry the Beloved County, allusions to the Bible are very apparent and hold gamey significance in the story. The character Absalom fork ups tre manpowerdous similarities to the Biblical Absalom and almost seem to be made out of the analogous mold. Steven Kumalo from the novel and the simple public excogitate from the bible are well-tried in the equal way and come out in the end in the same way.Biblical Absalom is essentially wronged by his h alf-brother Amnon, when his half brother forced his sister Tamar to sleep with him. Similarly Absalom Kumalo is wronged by his fathers, brothers, son, Matthew, when he get out non admit to the court that he was an accessory to murder. Basically, both are wronged by a compressed family member, Biblical Absalom by his brother, and Absalom Kumalo by his cousin. In both stories, though not shown in depth, the men show a c discharge trusting relationship with the one whom create wronged them.Before Amnon slept with his sister Tamar, Biblical Absalom would have no reason not to trust his brother, just as Absalom Kumalo would not doubt his cousin whom assisted him in the murder. Later on, both men find out that, Amnon and Matthew are in it for themselves, not dissimilar both Absaloms. Absalom Kumalo shot Arthur Jarvis with the intentions of becoming richer. Even though Biblical Absalom k upseted his brother for sleeping with his sister, with Amnon dead, Absalom would inherit his fathe rs throne.(Bible p372-380) (Ward pp.188-189) In retrospect, both men were at long last driven to commit the murder. Absalom Kumalo probably felt that if a white man can underhand him, and deny him money, then he deserves some of his fortune. So because whites men, kept blacks unskilled and did not allow them the same rights, many rebelled against the whites. In the same frame of mind, biblical Absaloms hatred for his brother was build up until he decided to go through with his murder. Even though Absalom Kumalo shot the white man on accident, he was doing it for his own gain. He went into thehouse with the intention of stealing and instead shot a white man out of fear. Though it may seem that he regretted what he had done, which he in some ways did, his crime could not be fully repented. More than anything he probably wishes for Arthur Jarvis to be alive. He doesnt feels bad about killing him, he simply does not want to deal with the consequences. Biblical Absalom plans out the mu rder of his brother when he has him over for dinner. Neither men regret killing a man that was as family to them. (Bible p372-380) (Davis p184) Biblical Absalom bump off his brother Amnon for raping his sister Tamar two years earlier.Absalom Kumalo, on the same note, accidentally murdered a white man, while attempting to rob him. Absalom Kumalo, like biblical Absalom essentially murdered his own brother. Arthur Jarvis, the man Absalom Kumalo shot, was like a brother to the black men. He devoted his manners to earn a difference in blacks rights in South Africa. For both men, the act of murder on their part, ultimately led to their own demise. Biblical Absalom killed his brother Amnon and when king David found out that Absalom had indeed killed his brother Amnon. afterward the murder, both men flee the scene. Absalom Kumalo, runs because the price for killing a white man is high. Biblical Absalom flees because he also knows, that if he stays, hash consequences will be enforced. (B ible p372-380)Eventually, both man are captured and die in an unusual manner against both their fathers wishes. Absalom Kumalo is hung for his crime, so as to set an example. Though, the hanging of Absalom is not so unidentified in itself, its almost foretold in the biblical story of Absalom. After biblical Absalom flees his home on a horse, his head gets caught in a tree while passing under. This act is almost too familiar. As biblical Absalom dies with his body off the ground, struggling to get down, Absalom Kumalo dies with his head in a noose, and body hiatus above the ground. (Bible p372-380) (Davis p184) In the bible, Job is developed as a man whom would never speak ill of god. Job is tested by dickens, who believes that Job will curse God if his prosperity is taken away.Satan kills Jobs children and all of his livestock, notwithstanding Job does not turn a loss his faith. Satan then takes away Job health by planting boils all over his body. Job eventually become very d isappointed with his life and curses the day he was born. This is a classic example of how no man is completed and whenSteven was introduced into Cry, the Beloved Country, he seemed to strive for perfection just as Job had in the bible. Job in theory seemed perfect but, Satan proved Job not to be, just as Stevens family proved him not to be. (Davis pp.265-272) (Bible p572-600) When brought into the story, both Steven and Job seem to be perfect and upright men. Steven, as a simple black parson and Job, as a upright man whom has shown no flaws. Though Stevens flaws are shown early on the novel, Cry, the Beloved County, he is still seen as a good man.Both men are examples of how bad things sometimes happen to good people. They both try to be the best men they can be, by fixing others mistakes and seek to be good people. Job offered burnt offerings to god everyday for his children who may have cursed god in their hearts and Steven prayed everyday to repent the sins of others and his o wn. The main thing that made these men eligible to lose so much, was because they had gained so much earlier in life. Though Steven want a rich man, he was far better off than any man in his village, and Job was a very prosperous man and looked well upon by god. (Davis pp.265-272) (Bible p572-600) Since Job was thought so highly of by God, he was tested by Satan in order to see if he would lose his faith. Steven Kumalo is tested in the same way as Job. Steven receives a letter from a priest informing him with the news that his sister, Gertrude, is sick.He leaves his mean(prenominal) life in the valley and travels to the city, with the intentions of bringing her home. When he arrives there, he is confronted with the horrifying news that she is selling herself to men. Steven goes in search of his son Absalom, and eventually finds him. Absalom had shot a white man and is sentence to be hung. Everything that went on in Jhonnaneburg hurt Steven and just like Job, he is tortured to the point where he will explicate if anything else were to happen. (Bible p572-600) (Ward p.222) In the end, though both men had lost practically everything they cared about, Steven his son and sister, and Job all his children and his prosperity, but then things got significantly better. Steven loses a son but gains a daughter carrying baby, and his sister Gertrudes son. Job loses all his children but gains ten new children and all his livestock back.Its an interesting coincidence how both men lose their child or children, but as they regain faith, new children are restored to them. (Davis pp.265-272)(Bible p572-600) Paton used the name Absalom as an allusion in the story. His goal was probably to allow people to see into the future of Absaloms mortality. When I first read the story of Absalom, I didnt any definite similarities but as the stories start intertwining, I understood wherefore he used the name Absalom for Stevens son. Absalom in general was a greedy boy, who really thought he deserved more and makes the mistake of killing a man which ultimately leads to his own death. Job and Steven, on the other hand, are generally men who strived to be good men. They were tested with their faith and both men failed, but they do gain their faith back, and their happiness along with it.

Theories of Morality in Punishment Essay Example for Free

Theories of faith in Punish workforcet EssayAs a society, we put one across different responses to treating untoward incidences and behaviors. We form different means in which we sanction or punish the doers of the action yet these mean are all reflected on various theories of religion. Different countries or cultures have different systems of punishment as according to what they conform as morally acceptable to good deal of their kind. Some sanction death penalty, new(prenominal)s rehabilitation, imprisonment or another(prenominal) ways like public confusion and the like. The following are some theories of morality where such systems of punishments are grounded. Stoicism considers passionate emotions like devotion or envy as ensues of errors in judgment and that a person of moral and intellectual god would not have to exhibit such emotions. This theory has something to do with giving verdict to people who have committed criminal case. For example, after court hearings , the jury finds that the accused has done the crime while he was not in the proper line of intellection or was insane, the sanction would be different from those who have found guilty of the same crime.The judge might recommend for rehabilitation or medical handling instead of imprisonment or death penalty that might jeopardize the rationality of the person. Egoism, on the other hand, claims that persons act in response to ego- pastime. That is, the verdict to a case can be motivated by the interest of the jury to satisfy his own self or if he will be benefited from the result of the punishment. For example, the judge has been paid to overturn his verdict on a certain case if the judge is thinking of his personal interest, he will do such in the name of money.Who would not want to croak money for just a single court decision? Concurrent to egoism is hedonism, which states that only cheer or its opposite, pain, motivates persons in their decision. Our responses to certain bad be havior done to us or to others depends whether we can puff pleasure or we experienced pain. The response could be brutal when it is motivated by pain or the other way around when it is motivated by pleasure.In these three theories, the central subject is the self where the measure for morality depends on what is most acceptable to the self. Other theories that affect decisions about morality include a gender-based one. Carol Gilligan on his work In a Different Voice states that men and women use different approaches to morality. According to her, the male approach is that individuals have certain basic rights and you are respecting those rights.Morality in this case imposes restrictions on what you can do to punish a person while womanly approach is that people have responsibilities toward others thus giving judgment depends on the care for others. On the other hand, Lawrence Kohlberg theorized about the stages of moral development that includes punishment and obedience, instrumen tal exchange, interpersonal conformity, law and order, prior rights and social contract, and common ethical principles.All these have something to do respect to laws and conformity to individual rights. The first stage for spokesperson is the opposite of each other, meaning, when anyone breaks the rule or law or disobeys it, he or she will be punished according to the fifth stage prior rights and social contract. Social contract could be write or unwritten but these are contracts that state the punishments of any untoward behavior as a violation to the individual rights of persons.The above theories stipulate that justice systems are products of moral judgment anchored to the rights of individuals or the interest of people to the rights of others either exploitation or preservation.ReferencesCory, Rachel. (2006). Kolhbergs Stages of Moral Development. Retrieved December 2, 2008 from http//www. aggelia. com/htdocs/kohlberg. shtml Cypher, Allen. (____). Notes on In a Different Voi ce by Carol Gilligan. Retrieved December 2, 2008 from http//acypher. com/BookNotes/Gilligan. html Stoicism, Egoism and Hedonism. Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. http//plato. stanford. edu/entries/

Wal-Mart Organizational Structure Paper Essay Example for Free

Wal-Mart Organizational construction Paper EssayAs an giving medication Wal-Mart has grown into a global and multimillion dollar company in America and around the world. They nonplus been at the top of the list for the fortune and global 500 for years. They piss big headlines both sound and bad. They are in the United Kingdom, China, and Brazil, and all over the world. Wal-Mart started its global securities industry in 1991, where they opened up a store in Mexico City. The profits were not that good at the beginning because they opened the store using plans and strategies they use in the United States. Those privileged and external factors in globalization affected the four functions of attention such as planning, organizing, leading, and controlling. It was a learning experience for the organization and they had to assemble different plans for more international stores.When we think of technology in companies like Wal-mart, we think of trade technology. With marketing technology, Wal-mart uses all functions of man eldment. These functions had to be planned, organized, controlled, and their managers set out to take the lead to convince or motivate the employees to hightail it out the marketing strategies in order for them to be effective. For example, anybody send word market a sale in their stores, but if it is not planned, organized, or controlled, the store go away not meet the goals, which push aside include an emergence in sales, or an increase in the amount of customers coming into the businesses.When Wal-mart first started their business, they were clothing, small appliances, and home goods character of business. Through the years of their technology mental home, they saw how they can benefit from expanding their sales to food, pharmacy, sporting goods, and even an auto center. As they moved forward, they brought in private banks, eye care centers, nail salons, hair salons, and even a place for professional photos. Their careful p lanning and organizing helped them to be make love one of the largest retail stores not only in America but also nation-wide. Their strategies to make this happen were very successful because of the four function of management working well when they made these changes. Wal-mart is a perfect example of the way the four functions of management can work.Not only work but also work effectively with organized planning, controlling the needed changes, and acquiring the right management in place to take the needed charge for it all to deign together. Without technology and the four functions of management, Wal-mart would not be the successful business it is today. There are many internal and external factors that affect functions of management. When we speak of Diversity, which is a variety or range of different things, and we look at the Planning, organizing, directing, and controlling functions of management. An organization may look at hiring different ethnic backgrounds, ages, gender s as well as focus on offering different types of services within the organization. Meeting the needs of the community exit be very important for business to grow therefore bi-lingual staff will be a plus.Store location is a keen factor as well, so an organization may have greater opportunity in a location where there is no competition. Advertisement will come into play when organizing. What types of advertisements to use will have to be decided upon. Billboards, TV commercials, newspaper inserts, English/Spanish, or even flyers may be considered. There are also sales papers in either entrance of every store for customers to look through as they shop. The set-up of the store also falls below organizing, figuring out the layout of items and additional services like urgent care centers or nail spas. directive and Controlling of an organization will depend mostly upon management.Policies will be set on ways to encourage, motivate, and train employees. According to the ledger of P ublic Administration Research and Theory, Organizations need to make cultures that allow workers from mixed fields to succeed. An organization needs to have policies in place that provide opportunity for everyone to improve. Targeting customers from different ethnicities and age are important as well as offering an array of product, designating adequate handicap pose spots, shopping carts, and motorized scooters. Customer surveys and employee job performance reviews are also a part of Controlling.The morality function will focus on the moral principles that govern a groups behavior. initially during planning, a company may be sure that items not appropriate for children are locked away, such as explicit CDs or weapons. When organizing, customers are more likely to shop at a store where the staff is courtesy, kind, respectful, and helpful. The Directing and Controlling functions are monitored more so by management to ascertain that policies are adhered to, and tracked for complian ce. Excellent customer service will be a focus because skilful and satisfied customers are return customers. Although as consumers, this is an area that many stores are losing their focus on. In chore Ethics The Law of Rules, the author states Rules have the greatest impact when they cause people to behave differently than they would have behaved in the absence of the rule.This would mean that if there is a policy in place for fiscal incentives for the employee with the most customer service nominations, and more employees are trying to obtain the incentive, the great impact will be that more employees are exuding excellent customer service and more often. Though there are many other stores that offer the same items as Wal-Mart such as Target, K-Mart, Sams, owned by the same person. Customers like Wal-mart better because of the great prices and can do more at this one location they can at the other similar stores. In conclusion, Wal-Mart is still the leading organizational busi ness to this day, mixing the good with the bad situations that come about.There are many internal and external factors that affect Wal-Mart, globally, technically, and ethically. Diversity and innovation also play roles in leadership and management. The reason I have chosen Wal-Mart as my root word for this assignment is that it is a great organization to research and discuss because of its popularity. Most of the family shopping is done at the local Wal-Mart. Clothing, Groceries, household items, pet supplies, and even my oil changes on the family car are done at Wal-Mart. After doing research I realized the effect that legal issues, ethics, and corporate social responsibility have on management planning. These are the reasons Wal-Mart has been at the top of the list for the fortune and global 500 for years.REFERNCESJournal of Public Administration Research and Theory Oct2010, vol. 20 Issue4 p 867-886, 20pAuthors Pitts, David W Heckling, Alisa Hawes, Daniel Melton, Erin care Ethi cs The Law of Ruleseulovs, D., Gaile-Sarkane, E. (2011). E-MARKETING FOR A COMPANY EXTERNAL AND INTERNAL INFLUENCE. Economics Management, 16947-953.

Influence And Power Of Political Dynasties Politics Essay

captivate And Power Of policy-making Dynasties Politics EssayThe semi semipolitical dynasty un discreditedly plays an influential character in Philippine society. Families of political dynasties ar sitting array by side to deliberate on important legislations that testament affect the future of more(prenominal) than 80 one million million Filipinos both young and old for generations to come (PHILIPPINEPOLITICS.NET., 2000). It has been a lot contended that political dynasties go against the values upheld by democracy since it does non provide an pertain fortune for hatful to hold offices of effect and service. With the set-up of the political dynasty, it codms as if touchs of causality atomic number 18 exclusively dominated by a particular clan or family. Arguably, the political dynasty is said to monopolize the dodge of g ein truthwherenance since it limits the chances of separate general Filipinos to serve the mickle. It creates a brain drain in the sense th at the new and capable leader who could perchance perform better than those currently in office, would non be disposed an opportunity when foot race against several(prenominal) mavin with a name. Former Mayor, and in a flash DILG Secretary Jesse Robredo of Naga City, who has firmly stood against political dynasties, he believes, The right to serve does not be farsighted to one family alone. Ordinary people who deserve to be em top executiveed should be given the opportunity to serve the community,1(Medel, 2007).It is undeniable that there be buttocksdidates who are suffraged into office only if beca practise of their name and fame. Sons, siblings and even wives of politicians people who shoot no knowledge whatsoever of how to lead and serve, are suffraged into office simply beca practice of their connection to previous leaders. Electoral votes are not so much based on the capability of one to serve, further rather on the name carried by one who is running. It is quite obvious that the family name of an elected authoritative or a potential privydidate plays a big role in the success of one who f exclusivelys under the category of being part of a political family. It flowerpot be set that power can be seen not only in exercises of excess but withal in tangible things such(prenominal) as a candidates family name. This symbolic power could be seen as a perpetuation of the power system that runs done a political dynasty since it plays a big role in a dynastys lodged hold upence and evolution.The validity of the political dynasty has always remained a highly debatable matter. why do traditional political clans that which do not ground their resources based on their economic stance, still exist in the Philippine political arena despite some rejections by other(a)s that it does not provide equal opportunities for other candidates to run for everyday office? What key elements existing in these political dynasties make them dominant in the poli tical arena up until today? Does the existence of the political dynasty really help the Filipino people, or is it just making the political maturity of the nation stagnant? (PHILIPPINEPOLITICS.NET., 2000). Despite the negative intension brought about by political dynasties and its detrimental effect finishedout Philippine history, political dynasties are not entirely negative and can bring certain positive make. The solution to stop the negative effects linked to political dynasties is not to ban political dynasties in general, but instead, to educate people to vote more responsibly in choosing a leader. In this paper, I intend to fuck off the concomitantors that make political dynasties relevant today in the face of a pop Philippine society by winning into consideration Michel Foucaults theory on power and Vladimir Lenins theory on organization.In line with what Michel Foucault mentioned in his work, try and Punish, political dynasties in the Philippines are unique in a wa y that they possess dynamic qualities that nourish them surviving up until today. He stressed in his work that power is exercised in ways that it can be immoderate to maintain value and discipline in society. The use would be that of Francois Damiens2, who was generally agonyd and executed for his attempt to assassinate the soereign. As Foucault recounts the event, one can see the display of the excessive use of power to punish Damiens for his actions, as seen in his recount wherein Damiens, who cried out profusely, though without swearing, raised his head and looked at himself the kindred slayinger dipped an iron spoon, in the pot containing boiling potion, which he poured liberally over each wound3(Focault, 1977). Here we can see the independents excessive use of power to punish a subject who attempted to challenge his reign by attempting to find out his liveliness. Francois Damiens public hurt and execution was make as an example to others that contesting the kings sov ereignty would be subject to the aforesaid(prenominal) level of punishment or worse.What Michel Foucault was reiterating in his account of Damiens distress is that power is primarily being exercised on the form as a elbow room of strategizing the deployments of power rather than to punish the violator by causing physical pain. The crime committed by Damiens was against the physical structure of the king and then, the punishment that was given to the violator was in any case against his body, through the form of pang. The pain caused to the body was clearly not intended only for the body alone but rather reached out to those who construct witnessed or heard about the execution. The gravity of such an event still touches on modernity in a way that whoever reads or hears about such an event could still feel the gravity of the excessive use of power.During the early 18th century, there was a display of excessive torture on the body according to Michel Foucault. In a span of a f ew decades, the do of torture became a influence of form disciplinary action in the form of a penal justice system. This evolution of torture saw the disappearance of punishment on the body and a loosening of the hold of the sovereign over the body. In the disappearance of punishment, it enters into the abstract consciousness of society rather than of perceptions. moreover, there is a focus on the effectivity of punishment rather than of spectacles, wherein it focuses only on visibility or intensity of punishment such as that of Foucaults account of Damiens torture. On the loosening of hold of the sovereign on the body, one can see that punishment no prospicienter touched the body but rather as Foucault would state, The body now serves as an instrument or intermediary if one intervenes upon it to imprison it, or to make it work, it is in set to deprive the individual of a independence that is regarded both as a right and as piazza4(Focault, 1977). In the spectacle of scaffol ds, executioners served as the kings hand in punishing offenders. As time passed, doctors, psychiatrists, guidance counselors, sound outs and tuck in wardens now took over the executioners role of administering punishment. As Foucault aptly put it, To sum up, ever since the new penal system that defined by the great codes of the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries has been in operation, a general process has led judges to judge something other than crimes they brook been led in their sentences to do something other than judge and the power of judging has been transferred in part, to other authorities than the judges of the offence. The whole penal operation has interpreted on extra-juridical elements and soulnel.5(Focault, 1977).Negative Sides to Political DynastiesThe very excess of the violence employed is one of the elements of glory the fact that the guilty man should moan and cry out under the blows is not a shameful side effect, it is the very ceremonial of justice bein g expressed in all its force. Hence no doubt those tortures that take place even after death corpses burnt, ashes thrown to the winds, bodies dragged on hurdles and exhibited at the roadside. jurist pursues the body beyond all possible pain6(Focault, 1977)Similar to what Foucault had studied about power relations, this paper, uses the same theory but relates it to the phenomenon of political dynasties in the Philippines. Throughout Philippine history, the political dynasty has taken on a negative connotation. Often linked to problems like graft, corruption, and abuse of power, it has taken on a detrimental role to society. Perhaps the close to infamous of all would be the political dynasty of the muffcos family. Alleged to have embezzled betwixt US$5 billion and US$10 billion from the Philippines, Transparency International7has ranked Ferdinand Marcos at second on a list of the worlds most corrupt political leaders of the one-time(prenominal) both decades surpassed only by form er Indonesian President Suharto (Ferdinand Marcos Killer File, 2000). Names like the Estradas/Ejercitos and the Singson families have also linked the image of the political dynasty to allegations of graft and corruption. Luis Chavit Singson, governor of the province of Ilocos Sur, alleged that he had personally given Estrada the sum of 400 million pesos as payoff from illegal gambling profits such as jueteng, as well as 180 million pesos from the government price subsidy for the tobacco farmers merchandise cooperative. Singsons allegation caused an uproar across the nation, which culminated in Estradas impeachment trial by the House of Representatives in November 13, 2000. A more recent example, would be that of the Ampatuans, whose name has been thrust to the lime light up after the event of the Maguindanao Massacre8where 58 individuals consisting of their family rivals, the Mangudadatus, relatives and some journalists were shot and killed preventing them from filing their patrons certificate of candidacy.Families linked to political dynasties flood the news with allegations of all sorts of crime ranging from corruption, theft, attain and even rape. Regardless of whether these are proven or unproven, it all translates into the tarnished and dirty image that the political dynasty holds in todays society. This is exactly what Michel Foucault blethers about in the spectacle of the scaffold wherein there is a display of an excessive use of power through torture. As Foucault mentions, there are three criterions where punishment must follow in order to fall under the category of torture. The first being, that it must manifest pain on a certain degree, that could be seen in the example of Francois Damiens torture. The second being that such pain is regulated in a way that suffering is maximized rather than imposing death immediately because this suffering would insure a more effective notice of change on the offenders part. Last but not least, perhaps the most im portant would be that torture marks the individual and that it should serve as a spectacle. Torture print the individual means that there is a reclaiming of the sovereign by the ruler and that the making of the execution as a spectacle would serve as a public display of the rulers sovereignty. Such a public execution seeks to reach out to the whole of the society by letting the thought of punishment run through their consciousness making them aware of the total power of the sovereign, them percentage as his subjects.The context of the logic of torture is that there is contempt for body, wherein the body serves a possession of the sovereign. in that respect is a political take in for the sovereign to display his power which exit serve as a recognition of his dominance over his subjects. In addition, this display of power actually runs through an internal organization of politicization and serves as a disciplining factor towards order. As Foucault mentions how the Enlightenment p eriod called torture as an atrocity, atrocity is one of those that best designates the economy of public torture in the old penal practice.9(Focault, 1977) Further, he states that insofar as being the crime before everyones eye in all its severity, the punishment must take responsibility for this atrocity it must bring to light by confessions, statements, inscription that make it public, it must reproduce it in ceremonies that apply it to the body of the guilty person in the form of humiliation and pain. Atrocity is that part of the crime that the punishment turns back as torture in order to display it in the full light of day10(Focault, 1977)In light of Michel Foucaults try of power, he shows how the display of excessive power can serve as a negative connotation towards disciplining society. In relation to the existence of political dynasties, their display of excessive power by means of running private armies or reliance on coercion in order to establish and maintain their power, could very well serve as a detriment to public order as well as to their own existence. This is where Vladimir Lenins theory on organization can come into play because power alone in a democratic society, especially excessive power, can clash with the values of democracy while power coupled with proper organization could compromise with the said values. Organization, furthermore, would tweak how power is distributed, dispersed and used on the sovereigns subjects. In the case of political dynasties where power is seen to be a tool used for political domination, power alongside organization can produce an effective dynasty, which operates on behalf of and for the public rather than for itself and its interests.Good Sides to Political DynastiesIn his book, What is to be done?, Vladimir Lenin talks about the importance of organization to serve as a focusing of all efforts towards a certain goal. An organized exercise of power would mean that there is a proper system that is undergone w here it is both regulated and directed towards achieving a goal rather than just a spectacle. In the case of political dynasties, despite the weaknesses that they are prone to, it also has its strengths. Political dynasties provide doggedness and political stability which is particularly obvious in provinces such as those held by the Josons of Nueva Ecija, Ortegas of La trades union, and Dys of Isabela. There is minimal political risk and this plays a huge role when it comes to investments. With the continuity offered by political dynasties, investors can be assured that laws do not change mid-stream of an investors suffer and that business agreements make in the erstwhile(prenominal) would still be upheld in the come through generations. This sparks an interest in terms of foreign corporations doing business in third world countries since it takes out premium on political instability insurance (PHILIPPINEPOLITICS.NET., 2000). Furthermore, this continuity assures that the cov eted goal is achieved overtime and will be implemented throughout a long-term establishment made by these dynasties. In addition, their continued existence help promote continued progress and development, so long as the succeeding leader is actually capable and not just voted for his namesake. For example, a son who is to take the place of his fathers position in office, would be able to benefit from the experience and guidance of his father. Assuming that the succeeding leader has been trained from early on by the example of good leaders who have also lead from his dynasty, he would be able to emulate the good qualities and learn from mistakes made in the past as well as assure the constant upholding of the good qualities taught by his predecessors. By this process of larn from the example of the previous generations, they would have a huge advantage in terms of leadership and experience.An example of a prosperous region, which has been ruled under a political dynasty for over a c entury, is La Union. The family of Ortegas have occupied elected and appointed positions in the province since the 20th century. In 1901, Joaquin Ortega was appointed governor by the US colonial administration. In 2006, ten Ortegas were holding various elective posts in La Union11(Medel, 2007). The prosperity of the region speaks clearly, of how well the dynasty has managed. Boasting a 97% literacy rate and a 94.77% employment rate, La Union is classified as a first class province (La Union, 2007). The City of San Fernando is now the arse of national government agencies in Region I and center of trade, commerce, financial and educational institutions, among others. From a cabalistic rooted potential of stable community governance, to external shipping, an airport with viable capacity to accommodate international air traffic, natural terrain conducive to tourism development and a people endowed with cultural and impeccant heritage of industry, spirituality, nationalism and aspira tion for growth, peace and prosperity, the City of San Fernando has emerged as the booming Metropolis of the North. (San Fernando City). In rejoinder to issues raised regarding the continued existence of a political dynasty in the region, Mayor Mary Jane C. Ortega replies, It is not an issue. Why punish people who deliver? want in Frankfurt, they have a Mayor for 25 old age and she keeps delivering. Look how developed Frankfurt is. It is not an issue if you are in power for a long time. It is not actually the length of service. It is the quality of service that you give. If the leader delivers, why punish him/ her? On the other hand, if you have a term limitation, three years is too long kung hindi naman nagdedeliver,12(Medel, 2007).Another powerful leader belonging to families with a background in political dynasties include Senator Mar Roxas, son of the renowned Senator Gerry Roxas, and the grandson of the venerable President Manuel Roxas whose public service careers have gre atly benefited the country. Mars public service life began in the House of Representatives in 1993. After his congressional stint, he was appointed as Secretary of the incision of Trade and Industry and then in 2004, he was elected to the Senate with a staggering 20 million votes the largest ever obtained by a candidate in any Philippine election. Mars stint in the House is most noted for his principal authorship of RA 7880, also known as the Roxas Law, which ensures attractive distribution of the education capital budget among all the provinces. This gave life to his advocacy for fair and equitable feeler to education, free from regional bias and political patronage considerations. Owing to his record of accomplishments as a public servant and political leader, the international community described Mar as one of the young leaders in politics and business who will bring Asia and the Pacific to the forefront of world affairs. (Senator Mar A. Roxas) At the World Economic Forum in Davos, Switzerland, Mar was named as one of the Global attractors of tomorrow who is expected to shape the future. (Senator Mar A. Roxas) Recently, the Singapore Government has awarded him as the 16th Lee Kuan Yew Fellow (Senator Mar A. Roxas).Another example of a leader who has chosen to stick by his principles despite the temptations offered by that of a political dynasty is Governor Barbers. Governor Robert Lyndon S. Barbers is the eldest son of Senator Robert Bobby Z. Barbers and Vergie Smith of Makati City. The family has a deep-rooted background in politics. His brother was second district Rep. of Surigao del Norte and was succeeded by other family fractions who ran for governor in the province. Despite his familys involvement in a political dynasty, Lyndon Barbers has made a clear stand against nepotism relatives are banned from benefiting from any project on account of his position as Governor. This has been proven on several instances. A relative of his was erstwhile cau ght operating a sand-gravel quarrying business without a license or permit and was brought to court. In another(prenominal) instance, a cousin of his was arrested for illegal gambling operations13(Medel, 2007). In addition, there are many other families belonging to political dynasties that have also contributed a great deal into edifice the nation and serving its people. Families like the Magsaysays, Osmenas, Biazons, Ca merelyanos, Villars, Duavits, Escuderos, Espinas, Gordons, Madrigals, Mitras Plazas, and Rectos have done a good job of keeping a clean image. These are the leaders who prove that the political dynasty can be beneficial to society so long as it does not abuse its power.It cannot be discounted that one will not practice the use of power, although, there can be ways wherein this power can be diverted into good reasons to achieve societal order and development. This is what Vladimir Lenin is stresses when he mentions in his work that, Such workers, average people of the masses, are capable of displaying enormous elan vital and self-sacrifice in strikes and in street, battles with the police and the troops, and are capable (in fact, are alone capable) of determining the gist of our entire movement but the struggle against the political police requires special qualities it requires professional revolutionaries14(Lenin, 1902). In this quotation, Lenin stresses that organizing a mass of people requires a strategic use of power as opposed to a render of the mobs emotions. A possible historical example would be that of the American Revolution in contrast to the French revolution. The French revolution had failed to recognize their freedom because they failed to organize their efforts of systemizing their revolution. The leaders of the French revolution relied solely on power and doing so led to the abuse and struggle of power. In the end, the French revolution served as a spectacle of disorganization, wherein towards the end, Napoleon Bonapartes emergence to take hold of power was recognized. This emergence of Napoleon from this disorganization is an opposite to that of an organized succession and transfer of power seen in the American Revolution. The American Revolution, through proper organization, gave birth to freedom, liberty and equality among the states. The transfer and succession of power from one president to another required organization as well as a regulation of their, being the presidents, powers.The political dynasty has its own share of pros and cons. There are examples of good political dynasties as well as bad ones. However, it is usually the faults of the political dynasty that are highlighted and scrutinized. More often than not, the news is filled with reports about charges of theft, plunder and whatnot. As a result of which, many have turned to the solution of trying to ban political dynasties completely.Laws Regarding Political DynastiesIn terms of the legality of political dynasties, Art. II, Sec. 26 of the Constitution says, The State shall guarantee equal access to opportunities for public service, and prohibit political dynasties as may be defined by law. However, there is no clear translation of political dynasties and therefore the provision is none self-executing. It is the most ignored policy by Congress due to certain reasons. The framers left it to the congress to define political dynasties which it has not done (Cruz, 2007). This loophole in the law has allowed the political dynasty to continue up to the present day even if it is technically not allowed. The only law being actively compel to prevent the abuse of power is the term limits on elective positions. However, providing a term limit for elective officials is easily countered by having families pass on their power. To retain political hold on his constituents, a forcibly retired official arranges to have his wife, a mistress, one of his children, his own siblings, or a parent to occupy his position for one term. After which, he will be qualified again to run for office (Cruz, 2007).In an effort to ban political dynasties, there was an anti-dynasty bill that was filled by Majority Floor Leader Arthur Defensor of Iloilo. Section Five of House Bill 783, which reads, Any person who has a political dynasty relationship with an incumbent elective official is disqualified from running for any elective public office within the same city and/or province where the elective public official is running. This bill will only be proactive. It will not affect those who are already currently holding positions. The bill also limits the definition of a political dynasty relationship as existing only among relatives up to the second degree of analogy or consanguinity. Thus, only the spouse, children, siblings or parents of the incumbent are deemed disqualified and similar in-law relationship. The bill disallows a relative of an incumbent from running for a position like governor, vice governor, mayor, vi ce mayor, as these positions are vested executive power. Another distinct feature of this bill is that it allows relatives of the incumbent to run for posts such as jury member or councilor where power is shared owing to the collegial nature of the office. The idea of the bill is to obstacle relatives from holding positions where power is concentrated in an individual, but not from positions where decision-making is made through deliberation and consensus (Bordadora, 2007). resolve to Problems Regarding Political DynastiesAlthough this new bill seems like a good and effective idea for countering the negative effects of the existence political dynasties, it has yet to have been decided by legislators whether this will be fully implemented or not. It is up to the Congress to decide whether this bill will be passed and it seems highly unlikely that they will do so. This is partly due to the fact that political dynasties have become so much a part of the current system of governance t hat it is almost impossible to change. I dont think it has much of a chance under the present Congress, stated Defensor regarding his opinion on possibility of the bill being passed (Bordadora, 2007).Like it or not, the emergence of political dynasties in the Philippines still operate well within the framework of questionable democracy (PHILIPPINEPOLITICS.NET., 2000). No matter how much effort is put against the political dynasty, it is here to stay. It is simply wasted to hope for any change regarding the current laws on political dynasties. Instead of looking at something that is simply out of reach, people should derive that there lies a much simpler solution. It would be impossible to ban all political dynasties in general however, it is possible to put an end to the bad political dynasties. People should realize that they are the ones who elect their leaders into office. No matter how strong a political dynasty may be, sovereignty is held by the people. At the end of the day , it will be the people to decide whether or not a dynasty will be succeeded. Absolute power is when you have a dictatorship. We still have to go through an election. The electorate will be the ones to dictate who are the ones who will lead. The people have the power, not the officials15(Medel, 2007). All this talk about outlawing political dynasties and its bad effects would not even be necessary if people were to vote more responsibly. What is happening in todays society is that the people are the ones choosing to make themselves powerless. They are quick to find faults in the system and demand for change, yet they do nothing to actually work for change. People quest to realize that as much as the bad political dynasties are to blame, they are also liable for allowing these dynasties to remain in power. Ultimately, people have the power to put a stop to political dynasties if the need arises. If they see that a certain dynasty abuses their power, they possess the power and respo nsibility to vote towards a change in leadership. On the other hand, if a dynasty is doing a good job, then they have the option to allow the dynasty to continue in the succeeding generations. According to then Representative of Tarlac and now President Benigno Aquino, the issue of whether a member of a political family should continue in office or not is a matter of public choice. At the end of the day, people deserve the government they get, he said (Cusi, 2004). That being said, these traditional political dynasties, that which do not ground their resources based on their economic stance, are still existing up to this day because they dont just merely exercise power on behalf of their families but rather they direct this power towards an ordered use to improve the publics welfare which is the way its supposed to be in a democratic society. While progress continues to be delivered by these political clans to their constituents, then their dominance and relevance in the Philippine political arena and society will be here to stay. On the other hand, if one lacks or exceeds in either their organization or exercise of power, then that dynasty is bound to fail.All in all, it is backbreaking to make a generalization whether the political dynasty is in fact good or bad since this would disagree on a case-to-case basis. It can be detrimental to Philippine society on some instances, yet beneficial on other cases. There are both good political dynasties and bad ones. for each one political dynasty has its own strengths and weaknesses and it is the duty of the people to be the judge. The political dynasty, like any other system of leadership, is prone to error. After all, no system of government is truly perfect problems will always arise. What are needed are the unified efforts of each and every individual to continually strive in building the nation into a better place.