Mode of Entry in India by Foreign Investors

immaterial majuscule implies funds that atomic number 18 increase from exotic investors for enthronization purposes in development formulates of a server artless. whatsoever investment flowing from star country to another country is inappropriate investment. This invention came in 1950s when mevery capital deficient countries resorted to contrary capital as a primary means to achieve fast scotch growth. exotic capital shtup grave the country in the form of 1. Direct investment 2. Indirect investing Also, with time the concept of immaterial aid came up. It is nothing but movement of money from one country to another in the form of aid for development.It flows to developing countries in the form of loans, assistance and outright grants from various giving medicational and international organizations ADVANTAGES OF oerseas CAPITAL 1. It raises the level of investment Brings in more than industries and technology to the country and gives boost to the employment , proceedsion and thrift of the swarm country. 2. Helps in upgradation of technology Foreign investment brings with it the technological knowledge while transferring machinery and equipment to developing countries. 3.Exploitation of natural resources A number of to a lower place real countries process huge mineral resources, which awaits exploitation. These countries themselves do not possess the awaitd technical skill and expertise to accomplish this task. 4. tuition of basic economic infrastructure Under real or developing countries require a huge capital investment for development of basic economic structure as their domestic capital is often too adequate. 5. Improves exportation competitiveness A contrary investment post help the innkeeper country to improve its export performance.This is because of increase in the level of dexterity and the standard of product flavor. Also, better get to to foreign grocery notwithstanding improves the export competitiveness. 6. Benefits the consumers with competitive market Consumers in developing countries stand to reach out from a foreign investment by new products and improved quality of goods at competitive prices. 7. Generates r stillue to the government The profit generation by a foreign investment in the host country contributes to the collective tax revenue in the latter. 8.Supplements domestic savings less(prenominal) developed countries lack sufficient savings, required for investment in development projects deal building economic and social infrastructure. Foreign capital bridges this gap. 9. utilisation increases in the host country As foreign companies come up, they urinate their plant in the host country. As a result, employment in just about(prenominal) cause increases. DISADVANTAGES OF FOREIGN CAPITAL 1. Countries face severe debt problems If all the investors who return invested in the host country, pull out their money overnight then the host country comes in debt. 2.A ppreciation of real exchange rate occurs As more foreign investors invest in the country, the demand for the domestic currency rises. This causes infrastanding of domestic currency and consequently breathing out of competitiveness of exports as they vex costlier. 3. Chances of inflation Domestic supply of money increases and if this money is not use and absorbed in profitable projects then there is an inclination towards inflation. 4. The economy becomes overvalued As the investors come in, the money in the economy starts flowing do unnecessary appreciation in foreign currency. 5.Domestic market is affected When foreign investments compete with the home investments, the profits in the domestic industries fall, thereby in the lead to a fall in domestic savings. 6. There is little station to domain revenue As the corporate taxes ar comparatively less because of liberal tax concessions, investment allowances, designed public subsidies and tariff aegis that atomic nu mber 18 provided by the host government. - TYPES OF FOREIGN CAPITAL There ar five major types of foreign capital. They be 1. Foreign DirectInvestment (FDI)It is a process whereby residents of the source country acquires the ownership of as garbs for the purpose of irresponsible the production, distribution and other activities of a firm in the host country. The foreign investors are free to invest in India, except few heavenss/activities, where prior(prenominal) approval from the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) or Foreign Investment Promotion Board (FIPB) would be required. The followings activities/sectors requires prior approval of FIPB. a. Manufacture of Cigars & Cigarettes of baccy and manufactured tobacco substitutes b.Manufacture of Electronic aerospace and defence equipments c. Manufacture of items exclusively silent for Small Scale Sector with more than 24% FDI d. Proposals in which the foreign collaborator has an existing financial / technical collaboration in India in the same scene of action e. All proposals falling outside notified sectoral policy. The foreign investors cookery to round of business in India have devil options, either to set up a separate corporate entity in India, i. e. incorporating an Indian federation or through unincorporated entity, i. e. complication constituent of the foreign entity.In wad of an Indian comp either burn be possible under the provisions of the Companies Act, 1956. The foreign investors can invest in such Indian attach to up to 100% of capital depending upon sectoral guidelines prescribed by the Government of India. Under consequence Option, a foreign troupe are allowed to operate in India, progeny to conditions and activities permitted under the Foreign Exchange Management (Establishment in India of weapon system Office of other place of business) Regulations, 2000, through setting up either of the followings touch Office/Re breakative Office Project Office or Branch Office.While making entry into any nation, innumerable clearances are to be obtained at the state and district levels. Also, a number of practical hurdles, such as infrastructure bottlenecks have to be overcome. Also, the exit is tall(prenominal), in the sense that, ancient labour laws, such as the Industrial Disputes Act, prohibit the closure of any family. ADVANTAGES OF FDI Below mentioned are some of the advantages of FDI. They are very similar to that of foreign capital. 1. Growth and employment 2. Technology and know how 3. Access to goods and services 4. carry out the savings gap DISADVANTAGES OF FDI . Political lobbying In the past, there have been numerous instances in which MNCs have resorted to political lobbying in order to get indisputable policies and laws implemented in their favor. 2. Exploitation of resources Exploitation of natural resources of a host country is not a very uncommon phenomenon in the case of FDI. MNCs of other countries have been cognize to indiscriminately exploit the resources of host countries in order to get short run gains and profits and have even chosen to ignore the sustainability factors associated with the local communities and local habitat. . Threaten small carapace industries MNCs have turgid economic and pricing power due to their large sizes. They do not have much problem with regards to financial capital and can hence resort to utilize advertising which is a costly affair. Also, these companies are global players who have their operations spread across countries and have effective supply chains which enable them to have economies of scale which small players in the domestic market of the host country cannot compete with.All this results in the MNC having cheaper products and more visibility due to the higher amounts of advertising and have been known to push out smaller industries out of business. 4. Technology Although, the MNCs have access to new and cutting edge technology, they do not transfer the current technolog y to the host country with a fear that their home country may loose its competitive advantage. 2. Foreign Portfolio Investment (FPI) FPI is buying and sell of shares, convertible debentures of Indian companies and units of domestic mutual funds at any of the Indian stock exchanges.FPI are done by foreign investors in shares, bonds and equity market. It brings foreign exchange to the country but it has its own problems as it brings volatile money to the country. Foreign institutional Investors (FIIs) can make portfolio investments. FIIs are allowed to invest in the primary and secondary capital markets in India under the Portfolio Investment Scheme 3. Foreign Institutional Investment (FII) FII is defined as an institution established or incorporated outside India for making investment in Indian securities.They may invest in securities traded in both the primary and secondary markets. These securities include shares, debentures, and units of mutual funds Foreign Institutional Inves tments are the investments by foreign financial institutes like banks, insurance companies, pension off funds, mutual funds etc. These are mostly in Govt. securities which are quite secure. The entry and exit are very simple through FIIs. FIIs must register themselves with the Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI) and comply with the exchange suppress regulations of RBI. 4. External Commercial Borrowings (ECB)ECB refer to commercial loans (in the form of bank loans, buyers credit, suppliers credit, securitised instruments) availed from non-resident lenders with minimal average maturity of 3 years. ECB for investment in real sector industrial sector, especially infrastructure sector-in India, are under Automatic Route. ECB in the following requires approval of the government a. Activities/items that require an Industrial Licence b. Proposals in which the foreign collaborator has an existing speculation/tie up in India c. Proposals for acquisition of shares in an existing Indian company in some cases. . Depository Receipts (ADR/GDR) ADR is adopted by many large and swell up respected companies from India to raise funds from American Markets. If any Indian company has issued ADRs in the American market wishes to further extend it to other developed and advanced countries such as Europe, then they can sell these ADRs to the public of Europe and the same would be named as GDR. ADRs and GDRs are not for investors in India they can invest directly in the shares of various Indian companies. They are an excellent means of investment for NRIs and foreign nationals wanting to invest in India.By buying these, they can invest directly in Indian companies without liberation through the hassle of understanding the rules and working of the Indian financial market since ADRs and GDRs are traded like any other stock. NRIs and foreigners can buy these using their regular equity trading accounts. - ROUTES OF ENTRY There are majorly two routes for entry in India 1. Automatic Route The route wherein no government approval is required for the investors. As a reference, FDI up to 100% is allowed in all activities/sectors. 2.Approval Route The route wherein Government approval is required. This is done by either RBI or FIPB. Apart, from two major classifications. There can as well be other classification also as shown down the stairs 1. As a foreign company through a social function Office/ Representative Office, Project Office or a Branch Office. 2. As an Indian company through a Joint dissemble or a Wholly Owned Subsidiary. LIAISON OFFICE / lesson OFFICE Foreign corporations/entities are permitted to open linkup offices/representative offices in India for undertaking liaison activities on their behalf. Approval from RBI is needed.No fees, commission or remuneration can be charged by the Indian liaison office. Liaison office cannot directly or indirectly undertake any trading, commercial or manufacturing activity and therefore, cannot earn any income in India. Its billet is limited 1. to representing the nurture company/group companies in India 2. promoting export/ second from/to India 3. promoting collaborations between parent company and companies in India 4. collecting information about possible market opportunities and providing information about the company and its products to prospective Indian customers.PROJECT OFFICE A foreign corporation, which has secured a contract from an Indian company to execute a project in India, is allowed to establish a project office in India without obtaining prior permission from RBI. Such offices cannot undertake or carry on any activity other than the activity relating to the action of the project. The foreign corporation which sets up such a project office is required to furnish a prescribed report to the concerned regional office of RBI under whose jurisdiction the project office is set up.BRANCH OFFICE Foreign corporations/entities engaged in manufacturing and tradin g activities abroad are allowed to set up branch offices in India. The branch office can carry the same activities as the ones carried on by the foreign corporation overseas except that it cannot carry manufacturing activity on its own (sub-contracting is permitted). It can also stock & sell products in India and is permitted to acquire immovable proportion necessary or incidental to carrying on activities permitted by RBI. Green topic investment-A form of foreign direct investment where a parent company starts a new venture in a foreign country by constructing new operational facilities from the ground up. It occurs when multinational corporations enter into devolping countries to build new factories. Advantages- Firm can build the ancillary it wants. comparatively easily to establish operating routines. New jobs are gived in the local market. Disadvantages- Faces competition before it is set up Time consuming query has to be carried out before hand. Emerging markets might be unstable, hence leading to extra costs & time consumption. Lengthy process from scratchBrown field investment- The purchasing of an existing production or business quick-wittedness by companies or governmental agencies for the purpose of starting new product or service production activity. This type of investment does not confused the new construction of plant operation facility. It is also called merger and acquisition. Advantages- Less time consuming & quick to execute. Less risky as compared to greenfield. straightaway grab of market share. Reduce competition by taking over rival. The investor can bank on the existing goodwill of the acquired business. Disadvantages- Not ceaselessly successful.Cultural clash minify effectiveness. Some workers are laid off, this affects motivational levels of present workers JOINT VENTURE The cooperation of two or more individuals or businesses in which each agrees to share profit, loss and correspond in a particular proposition enterprise. A Joint venture is a business agreement in which parties agree to develop, a new entity and new assets by contributing equity. The cooperation of two or more individuals or businesses in which each agrees to share profit, loss and control in a specific enterprise. Forming a articulatio venture is a good way for companies to partner without having to merge.JVS are typically taxed as a partnership. Advantages- Help the company to grow in those areas where the company does not have any expertise and would have failed if it was not for joint venture. Joint venture can help the company in reducing the risks which are associated with starting a new business. It results in better drill of the resources which company has at its disposal. Disadvantages- It does not give the management of the company control because the decisions are taken by both the companies and therefore it can create problems if both companies do not agree on some issues.It is difficult to integrate resources of compani es entering into joint ventures WHOLLY OWNED SUBSIDIARY A Foreign corporation can set up its subsidiary company either in the form of a private limited company or as a public limited company in India. A company in India is required to be incorporated under The Companies Act, 1956. In comparison with the branch office and liaison office, a subsidiary company provides maximum flexibility for conducting business in India. It can also undertake manufacturing activities in India

Bonnie Parker

average Parker is a beautiful young muliebrity obviously thirsty for a life more exciting than the unity she leads. One dusty morning, she catches Clyde Barrow, handsome ex-convict, beting like he was most to steal her mothers car. She is a struggling waitress, hungry to machinate something out of herself while he is a small- meter professional whitlow from Texas who decides to begin a glowting career as a deposit robber. After a flirtatious banter took place between the 2 of them, Clyde confesses that he is an armed robber. sightly then dares him to commit an armed robbery pay off then and there, in broad daylight and right smack on main street. Incredibly, he complies. What ensues then is a coming unitedly of two kindred spirits as middling becomes Clydes main participator in the robbing and killing spree that ensued right after. They slowly line a group, eventually known as the Barrow Gang consisting of a vaunt boy attendant, Clydes brother frivol away and Buck s coy wife, Blanche. C. ANALYSIS When nonpareil consciously bears in mind the spirit of the time in which middling and Clyde was released, appreciation for this scoot doubles.It truly was an artistic form of rebellion a type of rebellion that reflected the progressing times. The sixties was truly a dynamic period that gave a new direction to womens empowerment. Gledhill articulates the cardinal logic of accept when she said that, melodrama deals with what rouse non be said in the visible(prenominal) codes of social discourse it operates in the field of the known and familiar, solely also attempts to short-circuit language to allow the beneath or behind the unbelievable and repressedto achieve material presence. The film is really all some identity and the conflicts that occur when such identity is tack outside the jump of acceptable behavior imposed by lodge and policed by the state. A testament to the fact that the film cuts across many issues and opens up new frontie rs in terms of film presentation is how cross-cutting its genre is. It can be filed under action-adventure, romance, gangster, crime and drama it is perhaps more than what was expert mentioned. And just like its genre, the film cannot be pigeon-holed into one neat category, such(prenominal) like its characters.While both Bonnie and Clyde cut interesting personalities, one cannot be discussed without the other. In terms of female person empowerment, Bonnie does present an interesting office model. A murderous thief if rarely seen as good idol material however, if one looks past the fact that her choice of career is base by any standard, she is brave enough to break the forge of womens role at the time. Scene after scene, she rubs her nose against the norms that society dictates for women. of all time since the 1960s, the womens movement has been concerned with media portrayal of women.Major studies of the most pervasive medium, television, and oddly its commercials revealed th e same subordination of women we saw in film. In commercials, most voice-overs were through by men and overall, men were feature more often than women. The women who were featured were limited to family roles. Women were shown doing housework and men were the beneficiaries of their work. On the other hand, men were employed, had careers, and were doing something outside the home. This portrayal of women in the film is instead apparent and much more recognizable fertilisen the fact the Clyde was made less manly.It is therefore quite interesting how the writers and director presented the film the female is a real character that displayed very male characteristics (albeit in a very autoerotic way) while Clydes masculinity is put on a chopping point with his sexual impotence. Whether or not this sexual incapability is accurate in terms of the real Clyde Barrow is irrelevant. What is significant here is the importance found by the film throw awayrs in making Clyde less masculine o r atleast what society perceives as masculine.Initially, the director suggested that Clydes character be homosexual but when Warren Beatty refused to play a homosexual man, they decided that impotence would give the same castrating effect to Clyde Barrow an effect that inevitably led to the masculinisation of Bonnie Parker. This castration of the main male character furthered strengthened Bonnies character. Furthermore, the other male characters are either dimwitted (C. W. Moss) or simpleminded and uneducated (Buck Barrow). It was as if the creation of the other male characters had for a goal to make Bonnieand in consequence, womenlook better and appear smarter.At this juncture, it would be quite interesting to ask oneself if Bonnie truly is a picture of female empowerment or is she merely a case of making a woman more male? Bonnies character finds its anti-thesis in Blanche (Bucks wife). Blanche is the stereotypical female of the sixties. She is demure, conservative and relies on her husband for everything. Bucks chauvinistic commentIts the face powder that gets a man interested its the bacon powder that keeps a man at homepaints except two roles for women as housekeepers and as sexual objects.Bonnie breaks this mold and carves another role for herselfa partner. In many ways, Bonnie represents what women can be if only they dared and Blanche represents what they are. This dual recognitionhow things are and how they are notgives popular culture much of its strength, suggesting the way it may be careworn to occupy gaps in political, ideological and cultural systems and how the subordinated may find a negotiable space in which certain contradictions and repressed desires are rehearsed. check to Arthur Penn, the films director, Violence is one of the most powerful themes in Bonnie and Clyde. The central point is that crime and violence are co-ordinated that one can not exist without the other () Once the summate of violence is lit, it has no choice but to b urn until all flammable ends have been destroyed. This use of violence as a central judgment in the film led to change in the film industry as a whole. Bonnie and Clyde are not depicted as the usual murderers.They are charming, beautiful and for all intents and purposes, are of a splendid manner and as the tag line goes they are in contend by all odds not the usual criminal sort. However, the film is interesting in its depiction of a criminal life as the audience finds it progressively difficult not to sympathize or root for the bad guys. stock-still though the odds are against it, we the audience, find ourselves wishing that the couple go away make it out alive and perhaps grow old together and leave the life of crime behind for an idyllic setting.But even Bonnies poem foreshadows their eventual fate. Someday theyll go down together theyll bury them side by side to few itll be sorrowfulness to the law a relief but its death for Bonnie and Clyde. Here the film gives us t he moral of the story that if one lives by the sword, one dies by the sword. The attempt of the film to subjectify the criminal life was definitely successful and the message is clear not everything is b inadequacy or purity and good or bad.The audience is left with the feeling that although the actions of Bonnie and Clyde cannot be condoned by any moral person, we can sympathize with their situation. This is indeed a powerful effect considering the murders and the thievery that occurred in the film. On the negative side, the film probably opened up a tradition of cinematic endeavors to regale murder and crime in a casual and non-chalant way. The criminals in this film are portrayed in such a manner that makes them icons and idols of sortswhich is actually twisted in a way.The iconography of the film, as examined by Mary Elizabeth Strunk in the American Studies ledger explains that. Yes, Bonnie and Clyde commit reckless acts of violence, but they look so good doing it. Against th e films stagy Depression-era backdrop, the couple becomes the personification of youth, romance, and yearning. By contrast, their victims barely register, save as faded cardboard cutouts deficient names or narrative. The camera affirms Bonnie and Clyde as the only life things on an otherwise inert and colorless landscape. Violence is not only the central theme of the movie but is also the anchor in which the personalities and characters of Bonnie and Clyde are based. The issues relating to identity are also underlying themes for this film. For Bonnie, she knows that she is cut from a different cloth altogether and would like to be remembered for beingness different. Clyde, on the other hand, grappling with his inner demons (mostly, brought on by lack of sexual potency), thirsts to be remembered by many. For him, it does not seem to matter what he is remembered for, just as long as he is remembered.If one were to psycho-analyze this film, one might even say that it could have bee n Clydes sexual go that led him to a life of crime with the gun serving as a substitute for sex. This misplaced pride they both have in being recognized is clearly seen as they proudly read to severally other what the newspapers have wrote about themeven if it is merely a class of the crimes they have done or thought to have done. Works Cited lucre Movie Database. Bonnie and Clyde. Retrieved on May 11, 2008 from http//www.imdb. com/title/tt0061418/ Gledhill, C. (1986). Dialogue on Stella Dallas and Feminist Film Theory. Cinema Journal 25, No. 4 BOOKRAGS STAFF. Bonnie and Clyde Themes. 2000. May 12 2008. http//www. bookrags. com/films/bonnieandclyde1967/themes. html Strunk, M. E. (2007). Bonnie and Clydes Other Side. American Studies Journal No. 50. Retrieved on 12 May 2008 from http//asjournal. zusas. uni-halle. de/85. html FLIPOUT E-ZINE. Women In Film. Retrieved 12 May 2008 from http//www. geocities. com/albanystudent/wif. html

Pieces of April

Pieces of April Opening scene Acoustic steel guitar give route track Close up of April in bed= implies non spry to get up This is your big day we dont want to miss this opportunity Bobby drags April from the bed, shoves her in the shower No Bobby Bobby starts making the nutrition while April sits on the trick saying Im coming Costume- black eyeliner -black nail polish -tattoos -black boyfriend April is a rebellious person needs some iodine to help her (in deportment) egg- Bobby Meeting the family No music No Joy in bed JOY JOY bring in tool of father sounding through the house for disrupting his family franti check overy looking for Joy both on and daughter Join in look for Joy is found in the dark alone in the elevator car (passenger seat) Miss en scene everyone get ready Joy is controlling.Starting to prep be convey Giving dinner Bobby in control-stirring, reading packets (close up on Bobbys hands) April seems ham-fisted -drops bomb calorimeter, cant cut onions, hu gs whole celery in turkey Theyre probably not even going to come Cross cut to family If not nowadays when mom) What makes her estimate she can cook all of a sudden (Beth) April is the worry (Beth) Everyone questions Joy closely how she is feeling- we realize she is not well (two shots) Bobby shows all the stuff he brought Be allotful theyre worth more than you are how a lot did they cost They werent cheap. Accents. Mimi got yourself a deal April throws them in the bin-still hurt by past experiences, broken relationship with her give Food as a motif April is cooking Thanks giving dinner Joy asks her take did you eat as a greeting Family stops to buy a lot of donuts- Implies they will be hungry because April cant cook. They dont deserve decorations (April) April rips up the place card when she writes Mom replacing it with Joy exhibit that he does not see Joy as her mom April is made to seem helpless- Bobby gets her up and ready -Bobby starts cooking Bobby has organized the decorations -when April discovers the oven doesnt work the first of all thing she does is call out the window for Bobby-making mashed potatoes with uncooked potatoes April goes door to door in her flat block looking for help (later this is an example of her resourcefulness Some rude(a) piercing, some new ugly tattoos, we can experience the disaster that is her flavor and go home Glimpse of hope/change apparently this clapperclaw Bobby reminds her of me the girls got problems- implies that a young middle class girl has an easy life When April reveals her mothers impending death the neighbors change the POP one last fortuity to be with the people you love you dont get along do you full(prenominal) angle shots of April Cooking the turkey You chip innt been back Believe it she prefers it that way Im the first pancake Discussing about what she is cooking stuffing from a box and cranberry act from a can enforces the idea that April cant cool (helpless) besides overly implies she was not cared for her by her mother We onto want to be early Joy -choosing a different route to make the trip Worth the time Group shot of April in among the neighbors in their kitchen as they rook and discuss their naught special menu when April discusses her menu, she makes it seem too simple- really nothing special showing the contrast between the intent of making a special last family meal and not pitting much thought into it. Have you done it forrader? Then its not nothing Being taught how to make cranberry sauce implies April has not had this type of experience with her own mother Aprils perseverance in try to find an oven to chock her turkey shows her change in thought about having a successful last meal- this is also reinforced when they continue to affirm thanks giving when her family dont turn up Photo motif capable memories Since when was she in the picture? -taking a Christmas photo, fake smiles, ling delay, everyone there but April When Joy gets the family to s top and pretends she wants to talk to them about preparing for her death but or else mocks how full-grown she expects Aprils cooking to be how each of you in your own way is going to handle(pause) discarding your uneaten DOD -shows her need to manipulate/control her family Irony- Joy thinks April is a screw up but at the same time we see her eating Junk food, smoking dope and alluding to a very sexually promiscuous past. Neighbor Wayne talks about the care you need to return with cooking a turkey (hes annoying) while April is trying to take care with what shes cooking- she mocks him tick tock showing her meaner side (like her mother? Memories 3 shot- Joy leans on Tommys shoulders showing her closeness with her son Motif- photographs (album)- Joy insists on slowing her mother the photos (that Timmy took) f her surgery (breast removal) this is my favorite (without breasts) Series of close ups April putting food in oven putting up table setting table decorating the flatcar black st aircase shows she does expect her family to turn up That you stop -contrast between Joys look of illness and Beets look of hurt at her mothers words- you feel intellect for them both Who are you? My daughter is kind Dotted not any longer Joy then I dont know you Dotted Reflection I am so critical why am I so big(a) (on Beth) -Joy reflects on her relationship with her children I can only think of one vivid beautiful memory- turns out that all her good memories of April are really about Beth That makes Joy angry/panic forcing them to stop their expedition Petulance, shoplifting, fire in the kitchen, flicking matches at Beth, using a lighter to nice Tommys hair, the drugs. no wonder I have cancer shes the cancer I cant have another bad experience Vive had too more bad experiences Insight into Aprils criminal past when she tries to break into Wanes apartment with a crow bar Bad girl (Wayne) When she discovers he has stolen a forking she attacks him uniform a bad girl a very bad g irl No Im not (sitting alone on the steps (high angle)) The nub of Thanks Giving the first year on their own was hard Really really hard -implying this was true for herself as well This one day where everyone seemed to know they needed each other They knew for certain they couldnt do it on their own. - implying that this is true for April on this day.Retrieving the turkey salt n capsicum shakers implies she wants to put the past behind her Have a fake turkey leg to replace the missing one implies that everything can be unyielding Contrast- April excitedly descends the stairwell to meet her family Theyre ere. Theyre here April sadly ascends the stairwell after seeing they have left (destroying her decorations as she goes) Resolution when Joy witnesses a woman leaving her young girl (abandoning her) in the bathroom (with her knickers still approximately her ankles) she realizes that she has been abandoning April all her life -she is at fault Mom, mom (echoes of the past) Freeze effect (still shots) of everyone having thanks giving together- no dialogue (nothing needs to be said) final examination family photo (with Bobby)= one last euphoric memory implying only happy memory before time ran out (sound of the camera sound)

Learning approach Essay

The essay examines the semblance of come forward appeal and inscrutable nest used in university students. As a fact, many commencement class students, regardless of majors, adopt lift approaches to learn. However, universities encourage students to lead a recently approach to learn earlier than emerge approach. Therefore, many first category students face a scrap to use which approach to strain high academic grades. The essay presents the 2 opposite arguments about the encyclopaedism approaches, and then raises opinion that productive approach is a untold feasible method.The bulge out approach to breeding mentions students secure recite study content kinda than ac familiarity the true meaning. galore(postnominal) first twelvemonth students nowadays, regardless of their argona of study, adopt surface approaches to development. Actually, such surface training approach is not quite effective. This is because such approach is stemmed from students previous lea rning acquaintance, while the knowledge is not associate with positive absorption. The knowledge is witnessed by students tutors rather than students themselves (Masters & Donnison, 2010).Students treat the learning courses as routinememorizing act or requirement. They tend to focus more more energy on the surface requirements like reciting words or sentences, pursuit surface meaning of the tasks or courses without their own compact thoughts. much(prenominal) learning approach makes students seldom timely respond learning strategies, need learning enthusiasm and driving forces (Entwistle & Peterson, 2004). They will often feel gouge about study task, which will impact their confidence from a gigantic run. Furthermore, due to these features, surface approach is usually thought as miss of understanding.Facts have proved thatsurface approaches to learning are often cogitate with poor academic performance over the first semester of study (Entwistle & Peterson, 2004). However , any(prenominal) researchers compute it is not correct to think surface approaches to learning are always inefficient or ineffective, for example, as to some courses such as foreign languages study, basic mathematics and etc. , the capability of memory is regarded as necessary, because it builds up the base for belatedlyer learning in such courses (Masters & Donnison, 2010).It is well cognize that advanced study contains learning ferment which makesstudents become competent prentice who fully understand the academic knowledge and restructure knowledge systems from his own perspective of view. Actually, this explanation reflects the essence of deep approach to learning. A deep approach to learning is defined as a complicated process of individual development which generates the fundamental change of learning habits and perspectives (Rawson, 2000).It is also needful students to set up meaningful tasks objectives for engagement, put efforts on understanding deep context meanin gs and main principles, and utilize academic knowledgeinto actual manage. some researchers argue that the deep approach to learning is a miscellanea of innovations in university course, but however it has n adept business with first year students (Masters & Donnison, 2010).The undercoat is that first year students have limited experiences in campus living and the precedency thing for them is get quick familiar with the new surroundings. And what is more, they think it is hard-fought for first year students to go beyond basic understanding of the learning courses as most of them just start live and study respectively (Entwistle & Peterson, 2004).Students in first year fail to present the all characteristics connect to deep learning such as dedication in unique(predicate) tasks continuously and persistently (Entwistle & Peterson, 2004). But the essay holds on the opinion that deep learning approach is not necessarily impracticable for first year students. The reason is becaus e some first year students have used the deep approach to learning when they are studying in high school. unafraid learning habits or method is not directly limited by students existing experience and incapacity to merge various kinds ofbasic knowledge (Donnison & Penn-Edwards,2012).Besides the above argument, for first year students, it is consequential to use strategical approach and put efforts into organized study since study is a process with a specific learning intention to fulfill all kind of sound judgment (Burton, Taylor, Dowling, & Lawrence, 2009). The said organized study contains effective time care and learning behaviors management which mean students need to learn to monitor the lastingness of their study outcomes. From this point of view, therefore, a deep learning is preferable.At the first year stage, it is suggested that there is a need for students to change students learning habits from surface approaches to deep learning since one of the ultimate objective s of undergraduate didactics is to open and develop students correct lifelong learning habits and thinking skills, which rotter pull in their whole life (Burton, Taylor, Dowling, & Lawrence, 2009). The learning approaches are much more measurable and meaningful than academic grades.Many educators argue that the first year in university should be assigned to build up a mature methodology which could consistently help students take advanced learning, and assist them to change learning behaviors to become adaptive with higher education (Entwistle & Peterson, 2004). Additionally, deep approach to learning can make many students achieve good academic assessment from a long run. Students engage in learning just because of academic assessment demands, therefore using the appropriate assessment would seem much meaningful.Nowadays, university begins to take the comprehensive assessment system to evaluate students achievement rather than just use course haemorrhoid before.Such changes o f assessment practice will also push students to move from initial surface savant to deep learner. Students are encouraged to focus on soft aspects sort of of hard scores. It is argued that it is necessary for first year students to make their learning processes transparent. And what is more, it is important to come into being the understanding (Burton, Taylor, Dowling, & Lawrence, 2009). In conclusion, some researchers have different arguments or indication for first year students to use a surface approach or a deep approach to learning.Researchers argue that some surface approaches of learning is important for first year students because the skills of memorization can be used to deepen and develop understanding which students can accept and come into being an learning approach (Entwistle & Peterson, 2004). They think the deep learning is impracticable and unexpected to first year students. While other opinions think the deep approaches of learning is much more important than su rface one because learning attitude and methodology can build up good base for student lifelong study.There is a place in higher education for a deepapproach to learning. The academic scores should not be put into first place for first year students (Burton, Taylor, Dowling, & Lawrence, 2009). Certainly, a complete education is aimed to keep balance between knowledge memorization and utilization. The essay proposes that deep approach of learning rather than surface learning should be regarded as an important and necessary method in university study, particularly first year study.Therefore, how to transit from surface approach to deep approach in order to go through the courses smoothly and achieve study objectives is the most critical topicfor most of first year students. References list Burton, L. , Taylor, J. , Dowling, D. , & Lawrence, J. (2009). Learning approaches, personality and concepts of knowledge of first-year students Mature-age versus school leavers. Studies in Learnin g, Evaluation, Innovation and Development, 6(1), 65-81. Donnison, S. & Penn-Edwards, S. (2012). Focusing on first year assessment egress or deep approaches to learning?The International Journal of the original family in Higher Education, 3(2),9-20 Entwistle, N. , & Peterson, E. (2004). Conceptions of learning and knowledge inhigher education Relationships with study behaviour and influences of learning environments. International Journal of Educational Research, 41, 407-428. Masters, J. , & Donnison, S. (2010). First year transition in teacher education The pod experience. Australian Journal of Teacher Education, 35(2), 87-98.Penn-Edwards, S. , & Donnison, S. (2011). Engaging with higher education academic aliment A first year student teacher transition model. European Journal of Education, 46(4), 566-580. Rawson, M. (2000). Learning to learn More than a skill set. Studies in Higher Education, 25(2), 225-238.

Poverty in Latin America Essay

This paper lead discuss the mendicancy in Latin the States. Latin America has always been in poverty and although there energize been some ups and downs, the poverty level remains great. First, we will discuss the realm that is known as Latin America, the determining factors of poverty, the statistics and history of the poverty in Latin America and the future of the poverty in Latin America. Latin America refers to the aras of America in which the Spanish or Portuguese languages prevail.These aras accept Mexico, most of Central and southward America, Cuba, Dominican Republic, Puerto Rico and Brazil. Latin America can be subdivided into different regions, such as North America, South America, Central America and the Caribbean. (Wikipedia, Retrieved 2010). Latin America consists of many different pagan backgrounds and races. It is one of the most diverse regions in the world. Some of the predominant races/backgrounds take European-Amerindians (Mestizo), Amerindians, European, Mulatto, Black, Asian and Zambo (mixed Black and Amerindian).Latin America continues to be challenged by variation and poverty. Poverty is defined as, the state of one who lacks a usual or socially acceptable amount of money or material possessions. (Merriam-Webster, Retrieved 2010). jibe to the World Bank, nearly 25% of the population of Latin America lives on slight than $2. 00 a day. At least 182 million throng are life-time in poverty in Latin America and at least 68 million people are living in extreme poverty. Poverty is defined as living on less(prenominal) than $2.15 per person per day and extreme poverty as living on less than $1. 08 per person per day. The poverty rate in Latin America was halved from 60% in 1950 to less than 30% in 2000. However, during the comparable time period in write out inequality remained more or less the same, devising both poverty reduction and economic growth more exhausting as in other countries with a wide income gap tied(p) develope d onesthe challenge is to increase the incomes of the lower economic groups at a faster rate than those of the wealthier groups.In reality, economic growth rarely kit and boodle this way. Latin American income inequality is drastic the average annual per capita income is $4,000, yet the region is home to many millionaires and billionaires. The fourth richest person in the world, Carlos Slim, whose charge was estimated at $23. 8 billion in 2005, is Mexican. (Poverty in the Developing World, Retrieved 2010). Articles state, however, that these verse are deceiving in that rising above the official poverty rate by a few cents or even a dollar bill does not mean you are any better off.People in this situation are still impoverished and are living in a way that they are unable to provide for themselves much less their family, if any. Certain areas in Latin America are worse than others. Bolivia has the highest poverty and inequality rate. Haiti is just behind Bolivia. Following Hait i are Colombia, Paraguay, Brazil, Panama, Nicaragua, Uruguay and Mexico. Many of these countries lose responded to poverty by implementing new or modifying old social assistance programs. Social assistance programs are programs developed to assist the poor.The main aspects of the catamenia social assistance programs are (1) conditional cash transfer, which is where cash is transferred at one time into the household based on certain conditions, such as children aid school and doctor visits (2) the household (3) targeting the poorest and (4) being multidimensional in that they are able to assist many dimensions of poverty at once. The future of Latin America is vague and unknown. Latin America has consistently been impoverished exactly the percentage fluctuates. Many programs are available to the public in swan to help Latin America and the people thereof.I believe the people themselves and the entire dynamic of Latin America will urgency to throw before the poverty levels ch ange significantly. Donations and charities may help but they will only scratch the surface. The issues of Latin America are deep and need to be dug up and dealt with by the people of Latin America. In conclusion, we see that this is a current problem that is steadily being communicate and researched. Latin America needs help and resources in order to come out of poverty. They also must make changes within their own body so that the help can be well received and utilised to the fullest.

Love Is Able to Say Sorry Essay

Love, as in enabling a love relationship to survive, is all about beingness commensurate to swear dreary. In life, no one is perfect everyone makes either macroscopic mistakes or small mistakes. There is nonhing wrong with making a mistake, but there is something wrong about not receiptting it. Thus, motto raunchy is very necessary in any relationships, especially in romanticist love. I have heard that, Love agent never having to say youre sorry. In my opinion, it is not true, but love, as in enabling a loving relationship to survive, is all about being able to say sorry. Apology is not supposed to be easy to all wad. Why do people consider facial expression sorry as such challenging endeavor? Almost of the people find that saying sorry is a sign of weakness. Human often has a high consciousness of their self, so they feel like they ar in danger of losing their power and status when they say sorry to others.However, if you wishing to maintain a relationship, especia lly romantic love, saying sorry is substantial since an apology video displays your abide by for your partner as well as for yourselves, and you testament understand each other deeply. Firstly, an apology shows your partner that you attending sufficiency about him and your relationship to be responsible for your ailful actions. All of us know that respect for each other is the very fundamental agentive role for a long-lasting love. Obviously, if you do not respect him, you never care what he thinks about you, never want to cut him. Thus, when you say sorry, you show your respect for your partner. As a result, he realizes your love, your sincerity and your respect for him, so he more easily forgives you. Counselor Paula says we are learning that saying sorry is about allowing yourself to be vulnerable, which is actually a sign of strength, not weakness. You learn from experience that saying sorry increases peoples respect for you, rather than diminishing it. (www.mprestige.ne t)Secondly, an apology can clear up a misunderstanding between lovers, so that gradually they understand each other deeply. Everyone all wants and needs to feel safe with the ones that he allows into his inner circle. non taking responsibility for wrongdoings makes people seem unsafe or untrustworthy. Surely, when loving ones, it is unavoidable that you allow for have quarrels, misunderstanding, and whether you have intention or not, you hurt your partner. If both of you are intolerant, do not want to belittle yourselves to admit your mistakes, you are destroying your relationship by yourselves.In contrast, if you can admit your mistakes, apologize sincerely each other, misunderstandings among you will be cleared up.Moreover, after mistakes, and correcting them, you will understand mutually more, and get on well with each other, so obviously your relationship will be strengthened. In conclusion, saying sorry is a way of keeping your loving relationship survival. Love means being a ble to say you are sorry and allows you to own up to whatever behavior it was that warrants an apology( http//inspirationaldaze.blogspot.com.). However, an apology is just powerful when it is make by your honesty and heartiness in right moment, if not, it is fruitless. Thus, dont afraid of saying sorry sincerely to your partner if you make a mistake.

Environmental Science Essay

Although attempting to subdivide existing farm plots and redistri exactlye them may be considered suitable for the purposes of remediating food insecurity and rural poverty, there exists a solid amount of controversy over such a practice payable to the issues such redistri hardlyion entail. For example, the redistribution of land would require that the distributing entity pick and choose claims and rights to land at their discretion, and such claims can range from historic, ancestral or even from monomania of the till. Land reform has met practically resistance from even the around necessitous numbers of developing countries, and it would be difficult to attempt redistribution with protrude shaking up the primeations of property rights. Farming co-ops provide a distinct advantage for farmers. offset printing of all, they provide them the opportunity to act as a group, giving them a collective bargaining power that they do not possess as individuals and allows them to act in u nison in seizing market opportunities darn being able to manage risks together.In effect, they can leverage their interests amend when united as a co-op and it is this asset that has brought success to the likes of the nautical Spray Cranberry growers and the farmers of Sunkist. (Gable, 2006 Hieu, 2008) Opening up new land is perhaps the most rapidly actionable means of increasing the food supply for a festering population, but this also poses a liability with regards to environmental impact.The occupation with agriculture, especially the large-scale grain-based industrial monoculture which has been developed to feed most of the gentleness, is that it is by and large unsustainable and has a detrimental effect on soil fertility. In the beginning(a) half of the 20th century, a large portion of the American middle west was reduced to desert due to aggressive expansion of the wheat growing agriculture. (Manning, 2004) As such, what is needed is not the expansion of the present in dustrial agriculture, but the development of techniques and technologies to improve farming so that yields are better, but without agree sustainability.Pursuing job opportunities in the city is not entirely perfect, but it is a desirable direction towards the development of compact communities and urban density. When combine with practices such as permaculture, which is the development of perennial agricultural systems that resemble the systems found in natural ecology (Holmgren, 2003), compact communities effectively curtail some of the environmentally adverse effects of sprawl and the wastefulness of imposing outdo between food production, residential zoning and urban sectors. (Sightline Institute, n. d. )Ultimately, what is needed to plough the needs of a growing population in the developing world is not the application of population control measures, or a intended call to asceticism, but the institution of developmental policies that recognize the needs and wants of human society on terms that are just to developing nations and restorative to developed ones. Alex Steffen (2006) notes that it is wrong to think we can talk developing nations out of pursuing their dreams, and deny them of the material luxury that citizens of developed nations take for granted.Therefore, what is essential is bright green developmental policy, founded upon the idea that economic luxury live without rendering the planet an uninhabitable wasteland. This would require cradle-to-cradle designs, closed-loop industrial systems and self-sustaining infrastructure, much of which is already possible today. The future is already here, its just not well distributed. REFERENCES Gable, C. (2006, October). Fields of Power Farming Co-Ops & the Future of Biodiesel, Organic Producer.Retrieved October 9, 2008 from http//www. organicproducermag. com/index. cfm? fuseaction=feature. unwrap&feature_id=43 Hieu, T. (2008, July 27) Farming co-ops may be answer to rural poverty. Vietnam duty Ne ws. Retrieved October 9, 2008 from http//www. vnbusinessnews. com/2008/07/farming-co-ops-may-be-answer-to-rural. html Manning, R. (2004) Against the Grain How Agriculture Hijacked Civilization. New York, New York North commit Press.Holmgren, D. (2003) Permaculture Principles & Pathways Beyond Sustainability. Hepburn Springs, Victoria, Australia Holmgren Design Services. Sightline Institute. (n. d. ) Build Complete, Compact Communities. Sightline Institute. Retrieved October 8, 2008 from http//www. sightline. org/research/sust_toolkit/fundamentals/great_places Steffen, A. (Ed. ) (2006) Worldchanging A Users Guide for the 21st Century. New York Abrams, Inc.

Race representation in “Desmond’s” and “Mind your language” Essay

In this essay I am going to equivalence the ways in which race has been represent in the two sitcoms Desmonds and drumhead your language. Desmonds is a sitcom set in a groom shop in the 1989 and Mind your language which is set in a school in 1970s.Mind your language reinforces stereotypes by the stacks accents for example Ali said that he goes around and nicking on messs doors when hes meant to say knocking on muckles door thats wherefore you cant trust him and this alike makes him sound dishonest. Ali and Ranjeet are in a conflict with each other(a) because of the war against India and Pakistan. Jamila the Pakistani woman is equal as domestic because she is always knitting in class also there is conflict going on with Ingrid the Swedish woman and Anna the German woman who are trying to attract most of the men in the class because mostly the class is full of men.Ranjeet is shown as a true Indian because he is always shaking his head and moving his turn over and also him going to be arranged married to a other per word of honor that he doesnt even know and doesnt like. edda the Nipponese man has a camera on him because it shows that all Japanese people carry cameras and makes them look like tourists. All the students in Mind your language dont take learning English ill by not doing their homework instead they buy it of Giovanni the Italian and access late to their classes.Desmonds is a sitcom set in 1980s in a barber shop. Desmonds is different to mind your language. It is subverting stereotypes because in Desmonds the people own their own business and when the show starts you overhear gaberdine people hanging around with black people instead of smock people on one side and black on the other.This is represented by Shirley how is the daughter of Desmond has a white friend and when the show is starts you see a Blackman and a white man shaking hands. In Desmond the barber shop is used for social conversation about black people achieving things and how political comments are made negative at stereotyping in the media. Sean is the son of Desmond. Hes represented as a claver and deficient to go to school and wanting to learn. As well as listening to rap music and the older brother Sean has left and started working as a bank manager how lives well and also owns his own house.In conclusion I think mind your language is bad because it makes the people sound dishonest and bad but Desmonds on the other hand show positive view on TV because of show black people wanting to learn and at the same cartridge clip organism into rap music and also black people being friends with white people.

Supply Chain Management Ups

SCM enamour The Super Transport strategy SCM Transport The Super Transport System T fitted of Contents Introduction * Transport * United Parcel attend to Overview * Industry Impacts * Industry Overview 2009 & 2010 * Competition * Customers * Organisation of the System * Movement of weight * Conclusion * United Parcel assist To run people or operate in the twenty prime(prenominal) century, the put to work bottom of the inning tout ensemble be a long haul one or a short crisp and clean journey, of course depending on what exactly is world raptused and where the point of origin is and the net destination.Supply Chain Management is the procedure by which this is done moving from one location to another, safely, handily, and as economic b belyy as possible. Goods must be moved to a point of Distri stillion in order to be made available to the ultimate customer. Lennon, SCM transference 2010 Transportation Transportation and logistics argon crucial to our deliverance and society. As well as been responsible for the process of moving people and goods, the worlds tape transport and logistics expediency is responsible for the creation of some concepts and inspiration for new technology.Transport is the elbow room or process by which people and goods are moved from one location to customers, safely, conveniently and as economic eachy as possible. Logistics, The Stores, Inventory Control, Transport and Distribution Aspect. McInerney, 2000 From the plan of the first steam engine to the twenty first century furnish powered aircraft, express vessels and rase loony toons to outer space our economy has improved immensely with expertise and issueledge always improving in relation to transportation. Currently there is a great variation in the marketplace for twain(prenominal) domestic and industrial usage.Time is no longer a problem when it comes to moving from one continent to another. It only takes a g all in all overnment issue of hours compared to the long process which once took months. Communication worldwide has benefited from these improvements and this has a criticise on effect on carees. Different communities and societies now correspond with distributively other, transportation is always generating relations and theses relations gestate a study role in our society, in development, social, regional and economic consistency in the world. From every standpoint in a business operation a well organised and competent arrangement of transportation is vital.Manufacturers, customers and finally the consumer all need a reliable cost-effective strategy in order so that they basis operate from. The manufacturer entails transport in both an inbound and outbound manner. A good system in this practice session forget result in less capital engaged in stock beca hire supplies shadow be acquired faster therefore the manufactures fraternity at thumping will guide a advance cash melt system. Also a cheaper rat e of transportation will mean the fraternity will have a higher(prenominal) profit margin and their go on of succeeding will increase. To the world at arge there are legion(predicate) advantages of an efficient transportation system including new markets, change magnitude standard of living, etc as well as some weaknesses much(prenominal) as exploiting of inferior nations and the daze on nature along with many other predicaments. Elements of an idyllic transport arrangement are determined by expenses, safety, facilitate, convenience, flexibility and reliability, these elements come considered when choosing a stylus of transport. On all sides of the globe there are many different means of transportation. They comprise of the well known road, rail, air, water and the lesser known pipeline, cable and space.The selection of the most(prenominal) appropriate style of transportation from the manufacture to the end customer or the feat of basically anything or anybody involves the se elements of the transportation arrangement. In correspondence with the transport system at large and taking all the elements of an excellent operated system the occasion decided to ancestor her report on a logistics servicing play along with an extensive florilegium of transportation, e-commerce in addition to many business dishs. The community is identified as United Parcel Service (UPS) and is part of the worlds lead-in logistics operators.The designer, in this report will focus on the corporations transportation system end-to-end the world. United Parcel Service Overview The phoner UPS is a well known reputable business which was established in 1907 by teenager named Jim Casey. The proposal for the family was recognised when the founder was utilise by a private messaging fraternity in Seattle, America. Whilst works there Casey recognised how the military adventureing serves were inefficient. Little did he know that his initiative would launch the worlds largest small-package carrier company.From 1913, the business blossom out and developed their potential. They no longer bound themselves to work with just post but they introduced large packages, thusly motor vehicles, then deliveries for vendors and merchandisers and then the transferral of parcels. Between the of late seventies and early eighties, UPS began shipping parcels worldwide. To ignore dilemmas and scupper relations with their customers they avoided using commercial aircraft and set up their own airway business. Currently their position is the 9th largest airline in the world. http//www. wikinvest. om/stock/United_Parcel_Service_(UPS) UPS was first established in the Ameri ignore state of Washington and found themselves in operation(p) in a company that was capitalized with $100 in debt. The company spread from eastern USA to the mid-west, from Los Angeles to New York the company soon spread to all parts of the States. Beginning with their first plane in 1952 to creati ng their iconic password the company that is UPS always represented stability and is a highly regarded efficient operation. UPS constantly grows each year and is always at a stamp to try and improve their services. Industry ImpactsThe author is without doubt positively charged that this industriousness of transportation was sure to occur. Along with FedEx and some other competitors UPS commenced the operation of this constancy. unceasingly it is been pushed to higher grades, the next day address is a prime example. antecedent to UPS AND FedEx the industry simply didnt exist. The delivery of packages and documents was carried out by a haphazard system of carriers consisting of trucks, trains and aircraft that were often operated by independent entities. Neither speed nor reliability was a hallmark of this system. SRI International 2001, Global Impact of FedEx on the New EconomyIndustry Overview 2009 & 2010 Economic health is a key determinant of mail and package capacity. If t he economy is not healthy, then the playscript of domestic packages with in the U. S, to international packages, and onto cargo and supply bowed stringed instrument is reduced and UPS and others in their industry likewise. 2009 UPS and many other companies alike in their industry had a bearish outlook on their corporations brinyly during the years 2008 and early 2009 because of the downturn in the worlds economy. Weaknesses lay all over the world, from Europe to Asia and American all suffered from this slowdown.It resulted in keep downless companies, from retailers to internet sources having a decrease in sales, and to the individuals that also availed of UPSs services financially notable to pay for the services of USP. The demand for packages diminished. Some work stains put up the shutters, whilst others put in place dramatic cutbacks as funds were not available for them and this directly stirred UPS in 2008 and partly 2009. However because UPS had created a strong brand nam e, a good standing n the market and an excellent operations system in place they overcame the collapse of the worldwide market.Also the evacuation of some kidskin league competitors resulted in an boilersuit enhancement for USP. From mid 2009 onwards the company reaped the rewards of profits suffered preceding in the year, the volume of packages increased. Average daily volume for next day air increased 2. 8% over 2008 levels. dry lower volume demonstrated an improving trend over the previous billet despite a 2. 9% decline in the fourth withdraw compared with 2008. -http//www. wikinvest. com/stock/United_Parcel_Service_(UPS) 2010 after an improvement in 2010, UPS has progressed even further in 2010.Profits are highly cyclical as they rely on a strong American, European and Asian Market and are growing even further into the undeveloped markets. For the first quarter of 2010, revenue increased by 7% to $11. 7 billion since the previous years first quarter. This was mainly payab le to increases in yield and operating leverage. The overall increases in operating leverage were due to overall reaping in all business segments, most notably the growth in the international package and supply bowed stringed instrument business. Higher revenues were also due to increases in infrastructure pricing and higher fuel surcharges.Higher prices were possible due to the recovery from the 2008-2010 recessions. In the overall, net income increased by 37% UPS expects these increases to continue throughout the year, producing substantial revenue growth from recessionary levels. Wiki Analysis -http//www. wikinvest. com/stock/United_Parcel_Service_(UPS) Competition The UPS Corporation is a multibillion long horse enterprise with over 200,000 employees. In their industry of transportation and logistics UPS has only trio chief contenders, FedEx, DHL and United States Postal Service (USPS). Between the four companies they pull up stakes equal services, further their ifference s lies in the prices, which is an apparent point of competition, but is only an issue in undeveloped markets. Also the availability of the service supplier in unique(predicate) locations is another distinction. Competition is rigid, but because of the vast enthronisation devoted by each of the companies there is only a few major competitors. FedEx currently stands as UPSs biggest competition. They are the only trade to UPS as they could manage to outsize them in this industry. They aim the exact comparable services, and both operate in the same league but the denture of operation between the two rivals is different.However FedEx has the write up for being much much expensive in relation to their products. DHL is another key contender for UPS. This company mainly operates from their base country of Germany and is involved in the traditional postal services. As well as that they offer an array of services, whether you are shipping across town country or continent. They also hold with them the act of being the worlds largest logistics provider. As of now the European market for UPS is on a rise so warms up the competition for both companies even further.United States Postal Service (USPS) is a direct competitor of UPS, however they have come together to operate a win-win situation for both companies. UPS partnered with the US Postal Service to offer UPS Mail Innovations, a platform that allows UPS to pick up mail and transfers it to a USPS center, or destination delivery point (DDU), for final distribution. http//www. sooperarticles. com/business-articles/fedex-express-competitors-19758. html As well as these main competitors, UPS also battles their market share out with operators such as Canada Post, over-embellished Mail, Japan Post, and many other postal, cargo and courier companies.Customers Many individuals and business use UPS to lead or receive vital information. The overnight service which UPS provides is popular as some fundamental transact ions for business whitethorn have to be prepared or concluded. Other companies utilize the service to send apparatus and mechanical equipment which may be required instantly to keep industrial units and technology in operation. Overall there is a demand for urgent mail, packages, and onus transportation worldwide.Any transportation company will have a wide variety of customers, and UPSs include entertainment, banking, science, construction, insurance, gambling, telecommunications, housing, legal, data processing, education, manufacturing, retail, medical and even the steel industry. For ever customer, there is a specific need, UPS addresses these needs and examine the characteristics of the product and get an understanding of the best mode of transportation for the customer and their goods, destination is too considered and the customer can contract the application process online and decide and choose for themselves the best option for them.As UPS go into the service industry a key issue for them is to create and guard good customer relations, this leads onto customer loyalty with the brand of UPS, the company then can observe a growth in profits, now they can avail of the opportunity to escalate and advance and as a service industry employees must understand the importance these good relations. Just of late September 2010, UPS launched a fresh logistics tv advertisement campaign.UPS wanted to charge potential customers its passion for transportation and supply chains solutions, what it calls New Logistics and it particularly wants to bring the message of growth opportunity to small business. www. social medianinfluence. com Skepys, 2010, The company wants to promote themselves even more to the world they are ever change magnitude and want to work with almost everyone and every business, as in this television campaign they are reaching out to the small to medium coat businesses. Organisation of the System The author has reported extensively on the immaterial factors which have shaped UPS accordingly.The author has now chosen to preserve on some of the internal aspects which form the operation of the corporation. As already shown earlier in the report UPS have numerous transportation modes which include air, surface, take on and hand carry. Many service options are available to all customers to accomplish their needs. The process that UPS must entail to do this naturally depends on factors virtually the goods. UPS has access to transport i. e. aircrafts, ships, railways and road transport all across our globe, but the consumers needs depends on which option the company feels best suits the situation at hand.As stated UPSs website You get the benefits of our vast network of transport options, specialize equipment, proactive communication, advanced tracking and worldwide reoceanrch. www. ups. com If a customer wishes to send a package anywhere across the world with UPS, this is possible as there is no restrictions with th em. Since UPS was first established over one c years ago technology has evolved so much that via the World enormous Web anybody can create shipments, imports, and returns.They can also calculate term and cost view charges, plan to have their shipments collected, view locations and history and all at the comfort of their own home or workplace. UPS basic principles in relation to transporting goods are * Domestic parcels which are made up of post i. e. letters and packages. These can be transported anywhere throughout the USA. * UPS deliver to over 200 counties worldwide and they categorise this sector into International Packages, any sign of package is sufficient to be transported. UPS operate a supply chain and freight sector, it comprises of UPSs logistics business providers in more than 175 countries throughout the globe. The author decided first to refer to the tracking service which UPS functions. introduce a package allows the consumer to monitor the status and location o f their item. The process is kinda simple to use. The process is quite simple to use. Via the internet the customer can track by tracking number, by reference and email and they can even obtain signature evidence of delivery.The system of tracking has positive effects it means the customer will be able to have an enhanced controlled time management structure in place. Movement of load Road Following tracking the author decided to focus on UPS and their movement of freight. UPS moves goods using their transport methods from their point of origin to their final destination. Depending on where the freight is destined for is related to the type of transport employ, also factors such as volume, weight and purpose of the goods conveys the mode of transport used.First the author chose to write about freight travelling via land, as globally this is the most prevalent method used. Two methods for this type of transportation can be used the first option involves using UPS services or othe r logistic firms. This method is basic and it involves the logistics firm, e. g. UPS picking up the goods, and delivering them via lorrys or vans. Throughout America and vast parts of the world, UPS is well recognised by their famous Pullman brown coloured trucks and vans. Railway The second method of land transportation is to avail of the railway service.UPS provide this option to their customers as they intrust it is lucrative and loyal preference. Railways transportation is generally used for long outer space journeys for heavy goods, and it is by and large only effective for customers whom use it for them purposes. As using trains for transportation only suits a minority if the market this means more and more customers use the service of UPS road transportation as it involves less hassle, is an inexpensive method and overall is a much better approach as they are direct deliveries.However, as the author already stated the selection for which mode of transport to avail of depend s on the goods themselves, e. g. beseech ore would be best transported via railway in comparison to mail with more be more effective to be transported via road. Rail transportation is able to travel at higher speeds, carry a much bigger capacity, have fewer delays as traffic is never an issue and they can deal with almost all weather conditions, as well as being safe and very secure. UPS provide climate controlled containers for specific goods which may be perishable e. g. ood, flowers, as well as their ordinary containers suitable for normal goods. Ships As well as transporting via roads and railway, UPS also uses waterways and the ocean to transport their customers goods. The mode of transportation used is ships. The goods are enclosed in containers, which are then placed safely and flop onto ships and then moved to different locations. This method is viable for long outperform journeys and has a reputation for being the cheapest form of transportation if there is a vast volume of goods been shipped. Rivers, lakes and oceans are used in this transportation.This system is dianoetic for UPS to use as they have a wide customer base and the volume of goods to be transported is there. The only disadvantage of shipping is it is not adequate for fast movement of goods, nonetheless the movement of goods by means of waterways and the sea has many advantages and shipping is a highly competitive service industry. From the UPS website the company shows their customers how they organise this complex system We are the experts at managing complex transportation networks, dedicated fleets, and multi-modal shipments.We can deliver orders anywhere through our global network. Our freight container shipping services can bring those parts together to film managing your supply chain simpler. * FCL Container Shipping (Full Container Load) Our comprehensive NVOCC* services provide popular departures at competitive rates for full container load (FCL) shipments from major por ts or so the world. * LCL Container Shipping (Less-Than-Container Load) When you dont have enough cargo for a full container, we offer less-than-container load (LCL) service between major ports worldwide. ttp//www. ups. com/content/us/en/shipping/container-shipping. html As there are two options available to customers regarding shipping this means that UPS understand their customers needs and have adjusted to these needs by providing both options. Airplanes The final and successful freight transportation option that UPS offers to their customers is Air transport. This is a good method to use if time is of the essence and this system can be used at bottom or between countries, basically air transportation can go anywhere throughout the world.Air transport is known for its speed for both the movement of people and goods, but with this speed comes high costs. UPS runs all their own aircraft to all major cities worldwide and this is constantly improving as their geographic locations are expanding as well as their customer base. Air transport is hold in to what type of goods it can carry. Generally its purpose is for unpreserved goods that are urgent to their final destination, e. g. edicine, documents, flowers or food rather than high capacitated and dangerous goods. Conclusion After accomplishing the task of evaluating a unique area of SCM transport with an aspect of logistics transport included the author concluded that the company United Parcel Service (UPS) is amongst one of the worlds largest and leading logistic operators. UPS is an admirable company which has excelled in over one hundred years of business and the author deems this company to glimmer in the future even more.As technology has evolved over the past, so has UPS as they constantly upgrade their services and work with their customers to suffer their needs with the extensive assortment of services which they provide. In the report the author focused on some external features that influence t he workings of UPS as a whole and the internal factors which shaped the companys reputation as been the leaders of the pack in the logistics world. UPS adds much value to both domestic usage and businesses surrounding us. They make things possible for us and overall have perfected the express transportation network. THE END Word count= 3,438

Religious diversity Essay

A portion of chapter three talks about sacred diversity wherein despite the domineering European immigrants taking part in Protestant belief during the time of colonization some were still in the main not expressive about their faith or pietism. Some quite a little still keep their beliefs and practices private, if they have any such beliefs or affiliations to spectral organizations. In contrast however, Asian countries still have plenty who openly and freely express their faith in and relationship with their Supernatural Being. about of them assimilate their living values and beliefs from the teachings of religion in different kinds. From this topic, one behind meet various people who express their faith in different manners. Muslims and Jewish, for example, express their faith by prohibiting themselves from eating pork. Meanwhile, some ghostlike groups communicate their belief by following with piety and faith their dictatorial Being in processions and the like. After rea ding the entire topic, the one matter I can comment on is the interest of every ghostly group to transmit values to its disciples despite its variation.Regardless of the religious teachings make by most institutions though, some families still have apparently considered schooltime teachings in conflict with the families own beliefs and perspectives. Nevertheless, the scenario still shows that no matter how the religion of one is indifferent from the others, religion still remains to be something that has deeply marked everyones way of approaching to faith. And it is the simplicity of how things are make in expressing ones faith that makes religion a combination of religious diversification and devotion.Religion in this way is promoted as an great asset for alone even if they believe from different religions young people and old, not just as personal interest, but as something that can be used to find peace for ones head teacher and soul. These simple encounters from the art icle have taught me how to be freer to express my faith. More so, it has presumptuousness me an impression to deal with all things in great fervor all for the love of my religion. Reference Olsen, G. , & Fuller, M. L. (2008) Home-School Relations Working Successfully with Parents and Families, tertiary Edition. Merill.

Adam Smiths Invisible Hand

Page 41 questions 2-5, 7 and 9 2) Honoring tradition, because Traditional Economies atomic number 18 based on usage and beliefs of its people, aka cultural things, which is often a tradition. 3) Economic decisions in a supremacy rescue are made from government officials considering the resources and needs of the country and diffuse resources based on their judgment. 4) Consumers canful spend their money as they motivation producers decide what goods or services theyll support. 5) Adam Smiths camouflaged hand does function in both tralatitiousistic economies and operate economies, too.In traditional economies they base everything on survival. To survive, you must think about yourself but much so about your peers to stumble sure you all produce and languish what you need. In command economies, the government distributes based on their judgments but console after considering what the people need. 7) Well defined economic roles and goals can be a strength in a traditiona l parsimoniousness because in that respect isnt much disagreement going on about it. It can also be a weakness because people may non be able to get the role they desire due to their beliefs. ) I believe this is a traditional parsimoniousness because in a traditional economy, tradition sort of assigns their jobs to them and by belief they cant diverge this. Producers develop to use materials as custom says, so they may non be able to use them as they would like to. And since they go by tradition, people cant really change or have any say in the basic economy questions, or how theyre answered. Page 47 questions 2-5, 9 2) So they can provide for everyone. 3) leadership can use the nations resources to produce items that may non make money in a foodstuff economy and plain the sick or old who arent productive economically are provided for. ) Prices are below what they could be worth, and leaders are more unsuspecting of local conditions, making their decisions wrong. The le aders are paged no matter their output. No private property makes people want to use resources wrong more. 5) The pass on rules the individuals every move. 9) Page 57 Questions 2-5, 7, 9 2) Private property, specialization, consumer sovereignty, competition, government involvement, unforced exchange, profit. 3) People free to make their own economic choices, people are free to develop interests and talents they like. Profit. ) No mechanism for providing public goods and services, cannot provide trade protection to those who cant be productive. 5) Efficiency serves as a reward for thorny work and innovation, and if they were inefficient with distributing resources, they would make less profit. 7) What payments they pay to the factor market are sent as income from resources to the households who pay consumer spending to the product market which sends business revenue right back to businesses. 9) The government in this economy can try to help provide for those who cant be productiv e and try to do some public services and offer goods.Page 63 questions 2-5, 8-9 2) A market driven mixed economy is an economy where the people want a mixture of command economies and market. France is one of these, their economy emphasized the command system in years following WW2, in the 80s they witnessed the dissatisfaction with performance of the govt. So the French lowered the command role. 3) 4) 5) 8) 9) 1 The producer should be able to decide how many of the digital cameras or of everything else to produce. Because he is producing that good, he should be able to decide who to make it for, as well. 2

Atwood presents women in the novel? Essay

Atwood includes in the novel Offred as a young child reflection her m different burning pornographic magazines because she wants her readers to question how far the women in the auberge at the time the novel was set twisty in creating the Gilead governance feminists takes part in activities such as campaigning against pornographic materials and disrupting spectator contests because they believe that they are degrading to women, Atwood is saying that by protesting against such, they are agreeing that censorship should be brought in and that women should be protected from such material at the heart of the Gilead regime is the protection women. Margaret Atwood is ch wholeenging militant feminists to decide at what cost are they ready to pay in order farm the matriarchal society they are campaigning for.Also Atwood is warning the readers that the plan of the need protect women offer be dangerous it could slip from a demand for more freedom to a kind of neo-Victorianism, after al l it was the need to protect women that justified all manners of women subordination in the 19th Century including confining women to the kitchen and barring them from voting. Before writing this novel, Atwood compile newspaper clippings and reporting events from the feminist movement, religious right-wing groups and various cultural practices around the world so, this tangled debate could also be referring to the views contemporaneous Islamic women who argues that the veil and the all-enveloping clothing is aimed at dealing with sexual badgering and sexual objectification.By including this in the novel, Margaret Atwood is warning her reader to be circumspect of such promises the language is feminist, but the results could be deeply patriarchal-as it is in the book. Throughout, Atwood presents various types of women and their different responses to the patriarchal regime of Gilead, two of which are Janine and Moira. Moira is flamboyantly go-as-you-please and possesses unshakea ble self-assurance, refusing to subscribe to the ideologies of Gilead by her subversive attitude to life. Atwood presents Moira as a emblem of hope for Offred. Like Offred, her function in Gilead is to conceive, but she does not allow this bother her as she sees herself escaping Gilead one day, in fact it is this determination that helps her effluence the mental madness.Moira in the novel is also portrayed as an asset to the other handmaids in the Red Centre because her seditious humour is use as a weapon against the tyranny of the Aunts. The author also presents Moira as the voice of reason e. g. in chapter 28, Offred tells of how critical Moira was when she found out that Offred was involved in an extra-marital affair with Luke she disapprove back then. Not of Luke but the fact that he was married. As mentioned before, feminism is not a kindred body of thought hence different feminists catch different feminist beliefs Margaret Atwood is using the character of Moira to show the readers the other strands of feminism.Moira is a lesbian and the like Offreds mother, she is also a politically aware feminist and sure of her right as women but unlike Offreds mother, she does not have to go to extreme lengths to fight for equality Moiras idea of feminism is being assertive as a women and being loyal to other women (hence she accuses Offred of stealing Luke) Moiras reluctance to conform to rules of Gilead is crucial to her mental constancy and her survival. Margaret Atwood contrast Moiras reluctance to subscribe to the ideologies of Gilead with Janine, who deeply believes and accepts the Gilead regime.Janine is both a victim of freedom and oppression. In the novel, we told that as a handmaid, she was left to irritate her own emotional scares when her baby was declared unborn and destroyed because it was ill-shapen and also that before the Gilead regime she was gang-raped something she is made to believe by the Aunts that it is her breakout her fault, her fault, we chant in unison.There are great parallels amid these events in each case, she is a powerless individual, victimised as a women and her baby is destroyed. Janines fragility reinforces Moiras inner strength. Janines tramp into madness in chapter 43 serves as Atwoods way of apprisal the readers that people can not be forced into believing in something imposed on them and that true converts of the Gilead regime are eventually into driven insane by the systems inhumane practices. Page 1 of 3 Show preview only The above preview is unformatted textual matter This student written piece of work is one of many that can be found in our GCSE Margaret Atwood section.

Information Theory Essay

Information theory is a branch of utilise mathematics and electrical engineering involving the quantification of information. Information theory was developed by Claude E. Shannon to find fundamental limits on signal processing operations such as compressing data and on reliably storing and communicating data.Since its foundation it has broadened to find applications in many different areas, including statistical inference, natural language processing, cryptography gener altogethery, networks other than communication networks as in neurobiology, the evolution and move of molecular codes, model selection in ecology, thermal physics, quantum computing, plagiarism signal detection and other forms of data analysis. A key measure of information is cognize as entropy, which is usually expressed by the average number of bits infallible to store or communicate one symbol in a message.Entropy quantifies the uncertainty involved in predicting the value of a random variable. For examp le, specifying the outcome of a fair coin flip (two equally presumable outcomes) provides less information (lower entropy) than specifying the outcome from a roll of a put across (six equally likely outcomes). Hearst mainstay (New York City) The six-story base of the headquarters construction was licenced by the founder, William Randolph Hearst and awarded to the architect Joseph Urban. The building was correct in 1928 at a cost of $2 million and contained 40,000 comforting feet (3,700 m2).The original cast endocarp facade has been preserved in the new devise as a designated Landmark site. Originally built as the base for a proposed skyscraper, the structure of the tower was postponed due to the Great Depression. The new tower addition was completed nearly seventy years later, and 10,000 Hearst employees moved in on 26 June 2006. The tower knowing by the architect Norman Foster, structurally engineered by WSP Cantor Seinuk, and constructed by Turner construction is 46 st ories tall, standing 182 meters (597 ft) with 80,000 square metres (860,000 sq ft) of office space.The uncommon triangular framing pattern (also known as a diagrid) required 9,500 metric tons (10,480 tons) of structural steel reportedly about 20% less than a conventional steel frame. Hearst Tower was the first skyscraper to break ground in New York City aft(prenominal) September 11, 2001. The building received the 2006 Emporis Skyscraper Award. Citing it as the best skyscraper in the terra firma completed that year. treehugger. com Processes In philosophy and systems theory, basic processes, or logical homologies as they were termed by Ludwig von Bertalanffy, are unifying principles which operate in many variant systemic contexts.For example, feedback is a principle that figures prominently in the science of cybernetics. inseparable and industrial processes utilize basic processes such as feedback. Turning organic structure HSB Turning Torso is the tallest skyscraper in Sweden and the Nordic countries, situated in Malmo, Sweden, dictated on the Swedish side of the Oresund strait. Upon completion, it was the tallest building in Scandinavia, the tallest residential building in the EU and the second tallest residential building in Europe, subsequently the 264? etre (866 ft) Triumph Palace in Moscow.A similar, taller skyscraper featuring a 90 hint is the Infinity Tower, currently under construction in Dubai, United Arab Emirates. antecedent to the construction of Turning Torso, the 86? metre (282 ft) Kronprinsen had been the citys tallest building. It was designed by the Spanish architect capital of Chile Calatrava and formally opened on 27 August 2005. The tower reaches a height of 190 metres (623 feet) with 54 stories. The vision of HSB Turning Torso is base on a inscribe called Twisting Torso.The sculpture is a white marble piece based on the form of a twisting human being, created by Santiago Calatrava, a trained sculptor, architect and engineer. I n 1999, HSB Malmos former Managing Director, knot Orback, saw the sculpture in a brochure which presented Calatrava in confederacy with his contribution to the architectural competition for the Oresund Bridge. It was on this occasion that Johnny Orback got the head to build HSB Turning Torso. Shortly thereafter he traveled to Zurich to take care with Calatrava and ask him to design a residential building based on the idea of a structure of twisting cubes.The turning torso officially started to be built on Feb. 14, 2001. en. wikipedia. org Systems theory is the interdisciplinary study of systems in general, with the goal of elucidating principles that can be applied to all types of systems at all nesting levels in all fields of research. The term does not yet capture a well-established, precise meaning, but systems theory can reasonably be considered a specialization of systems thinking, a generalization of systems science, a systems approach.The term originates from Bertalanfy common System Theory (GST) and is utilize in later efforts in other fields, such as the action theory of Talcott Parsons and the system-theory of Niklas Luhmann. Arkit Eco studio apartment Australian computer architecture studio Arkit will construct a full scale eco studio prefabricated house as part of Melbournes annual state of design festival. the home measures 50m square and will host different events during the festival. To begin, two tidy sum will be living in the eco studio full time, on the job(p) from it in the day and sleeping there a night.Inside, the home has a bedroom, bathroom, kitchen, living space and an adaptable services hub. On top a green roof provides insulating material and greenery. Arkit constructs a variety of sustainable prefabricated homes victimisation their modular system. All their structures feature multi compartmental wall panels that provide insulation and rigidity. Sustainably harvested western red cedar and hoop pine are used inside and out, while water-saving technologies help further reduce the homes environmental impact. It took 6 years of internal r&d prototyping and 1 year of environmental analysis by ghd to create the eco studio.

Managing Diabetes in a Patient with Enduring Mental Health

DIABETES A CONTEMPORARY APPROACH 2486 WORDS CONTENTS CONTENTSPAGE1 INTRODUCTIONPAGE2 DISCUSSIONPAGE2 CONCLUSIONPAGE8 REFERENCESPAGE9 ARTICLES ACCESSED ONLINEPAGE12 APPENDIX 1SCENARIOPAGE13 APPENDIX 2 EATWELL PLATEPAGE14 Introduction Lavinia had suffered a retrogress in her rational wellness and had been using illicit drugs and alcohol to combat the disturbing positive symptoms of her disorder and had stopped taking any of her prescribed medications.The guard sagaciousness indicated that the introductory issue to deal with was her disorganized behavior and once that was under cut back a series of therapeutic interventions could be put in roam to aid her recovery. Initi eachy her pell-mell presentation and challenging behaviours (Beer et al, 2005 Xeniditis et al, 2001) made it trying to engage with her with in a therapeutic way and she resisted supplys attempts to help her. The decision was made to allot her using intramuscular injections (IM) of an minor tranquilizer t hat necessitated using corporeal decl art in order to administer the IM.The counterbalance few days were non pleasant for Lavinia collect to staff needing to restrain and inject her in order to manage her challenging behaviours unless her chaotic behaviour did resolve over clock time and she became more accepting of staff interventions. Lavinias named nurse engaged with her and spent time counselling her and a series of therapeutic interventions were agreed. Mental wellness nurses are specialists in feel for for passel with mental wellness problems and it has been identified that they squander deficits in their experience of diabetes (Nash, 2009).This was the case in caring for Lavinia at the time. Little emphasis was fit(p) on the importance of managing her diabetes beca spend staff were non mindful of the implications of lamentable diabetes precaution. pa usage In the United Kingdom mental un healthiness is by far-off the largest single source of burden of dis ease. There is no other illness or disease in the combined extent of persistence, prevalence and extensiveness that impacts on the person more (Friedli and Parsonage, 2007).There is an inextricable touch between poor mental health and an growthd find of physical illness, increased health risk behaviour, deprivation, poor educational achievement, substance misuse ( field of study Institute for health and clinical Excellence, ( comely) 2009). Managing mental illness carries the single largest cost to the National wellness Service (NHS) coming in at ? 10. 4 billion (Department of wellness, 2012). schizophrenic psychosis is a psychotic disorder that stop admit a enfeeble effect on many aspects of a persons tone including perceptions, thinking, language, emotions, genial, behaviour.The positive symptoms of schizophrenic psychosis cornerstone include hallucinations of any senses, delusions, disorganized sight processes, causing the person to lose contact with reality. Diabete s is a serious suss out that erect have a debilitating effect on the person. It post provoke kidney failure, blindness, midriff disease, stroke, psychosocial problems, if left untreated (NICE, 2008). The United Kingdom is liner a significant increase in the number of people diagnosed with diabetes. In the past 16 grades the number of people diagnosed with diabetes has increased from 1. gazillion to 2. 9 million cases and it is estimated that this figure will continue to increase as the number of older people and overweight/obese people increase (Diabetes in the UK, April 2012). Diabetes mellitus is a condition whereby the remains is futile to properly use the glucose it produces because of either lack of or resistance to the hormone insulin. There are two main referencesetters cases of diabetes grammatical case 1 & type 2. Insulin is needed to enable the glucose to pass from the kindred and enter the cells of the body where it is stored. lineament 1 diabetes occurs whe n the body (pancreas) is unable to produce its own insulin (an autoimmune disease) and the person needs to have tied(p) daily injections of insulin to counter this. Type 1 diabetes accounts for approximately 10% of all people with diabetes (Diabetes in the UK, April 2012). Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a condition whereby the body either does not produce enough insulin or that the person is insulin resistant. It can be treated with medication alone or medication and insulin.Type 2 diabetes accounts for approximately 90% of all people with diabetes (Diabetes in the UK, April 2012). It is k promptlyn that type 2 diabetes mellitus has an increased prevalence in people with schizophrenia compared to the the habitual population (Schoepf et al, 2011). Further, the treatment for schizophrenia is typically with major tranquilizer medication and it is now percipient that some neuroleptic drugs elevate the risk of developing diabetes and weight crowd (iatrogenic effect) though just why this happens is not fully understood (Dixon et al. 000). Lavinia suffers from schizophrenia, is obese, takes antipsychotics, and suffers from type 2 diabetes. Diabetes is potentially a life threatening condition. Blood glucose levels ingeststairs 3. 5mmol/l are too low for the brain to function this is hypoglycaemia. The signs of hypoglycaemia are similar to a person experiencing psychoses, e. g. aggression, disorientation, convinced behaviour. It would have been imperative that nursing staff should have made it a priority that Lavinias crosscurrent glucose levels were monitored.Lavinia could have been experiencing a hypoglycemic state when in fact nurses strength have mistaken this for challenging behaviour. Lavinias blood glucose levels might have been above the recommended guidelines (8mmol/l) which is hyperglycaemia and the nurses would need to have an appreciation of the potential elevate blood glucose levels can have, e. g. damage to the micro and macro vascular bras s principal suming to blindness, increased risk of heart attack, increased risk of stroke, diabetic ketoacidosis.Not having sufficient knowledge of diabetes while at the same time caring for soul with diabetes and not acting compromises the nurses professional obligations (Nursing and midwifery Council, NMC, 2002) and the NMC or the courts would have no reluctance in pursuing this should it cause an issue (Kane Gorny, 2009). Any nurse who cares for a person needs to be competent. Roach (1992) defines competence as, the state of having the knowledge, judgment, skills, energy, experience and motivation required to move dequately to the demands of ones professional responsibilities. The nurses caring for Lavinia would in that respectfore be duty bound to refer her to a diabetes nurse/Dr. According to the NICE (2008) recommendations it is vital that people with diabetes receive an annual check up including blood instancy feet check locoweed status urinary albumin study (or pro tein rivulet to measure kidney function) serum creatinine test retinopathy screen cholesterin levels weight and BMI measurements HbA1c blood glucose levels.Lavinia may have had these checks carried out within the last 12 months but due to her chaotic life-style over the past few months her results might differ significantly thus during this admission it would be an opportune time to have these checks carried out. Hypertension can have devastating set up on the person whether they have diabetes or not, e. g. increased risk of stroke, cardiac disease, nephritic failure. Research by Diabetes UK (2012) found that little more than 50% of people with diabetes were meeting their blood pressure targets which they recommend should be 130/80.The importance of in force(p) nucleotide care in diabetes cannot be overstated. Poor foot care can lead to ulceration and ill health, gangrene and even amputation. Diabetes UK state that up to 80% of amputations annually in England are avoidable. Th e risks that smoking presents are well documented, e. g. heart disease, stroke, vascular complications, amputation. A person with diabetes is pre given over to certain illnesses and should he/she decide to smoke then their health risk profile increases considerably by multiplying the potential deleterious effects.Blood tests can hear potential or actual renal failure. Diabetes causes harm to the micro vascular system which includes the very tiny vessels in the retina of the eye. If this is not addressed it can lead to blindness and Diabetes UK recommend an annual eye screen. High cholesterol levels are serious whether the person has diabetes or not and can lead to heart disease, circulatory complications, stroke, fatty liver. Abnormal levels of cholesterol can cause insulin resistance.Type 2 diabetes is one of the close to serious consequences associated with being obese or overweight. Over the past 25 years the number of people in England who are classed as obese has doubled and it is anticipated by the year 2050 obesity will affect 60% of self-aggrandizing men, 50% of adult women, and 25% of children (Foresight, 2007). The blood glucose levels HbA1c is an indicator for risk of damage to blood vessels. NICE (2008) recommend an HBA1c level of between 6. 5% and 7. 5% would be the destination for people with diabetes.For people with type 2 diabetes, effective blood glucose cook can reduce the risk of diabetic eye disease by 25% and kidney damage by 33% (UK likely Diabetes Study (UKPDS). It is clear that management of diabetes can be a challenging role and a multidisciplinary approach is needed to manage it as effectively as it can be managed. Multidisciplinary team drop dead is important in any care giving role (Liberman et al, 2001). The most important person in the multidisciplinary team is Lavinia. She is the person who has the most control and needs to manage her diabetes on a daily basis.For Lavinia there are two issues managing schizophrenia and m anaging diabetes. Using a depot antipsychotic in preference to oral medication would help Lavinia because a nurse would administer it weekly thus reducing the risk of relapse. NICE guidelines (2009) give the axe that people with schizophrenia should be offered access to psychological therapies including cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) and/or family therapy. If Lavinia did benefit from psychological interventions it might reduce her reliance on medication thus reducing side effects.In order to manage her diabetes Lavinia should have access to a team of professionals including diabetic nurses podiatry Drs ophthalmology nutritionist pharmacist physiotherapist counsellor. An assessment for management of diabetes should be holistic (Dunning, 2009 pgs. 36 49) and hold to a persons lifestyle. For Lavinia this means sitting down with a specialist diabetic nurse and having a complete assessment of her lifestyle and her appreciation of how it interacts with her diabetes. She needs to fully understand the importance of great glucose control and the consequences of poor control.She might already have experienced hypoglycaemic attacks but been unaware of what they were/are, i. e. could be confused with positive effects of schizophrenia. As a starting point it would be entrance to ensure she knows how to test her blood glucose levels, which is one of the NICE (2008) guidelines, and how to interpret the result. She needs to be aware of the relationship between food intake, physical activity and medication understanding how managing these can help her maintain appropriate blood glucose levels. Diet is cognise as the cornerstone of management in type 2 diabetes.An appropriate diet will help control blood glucose levels, maintain an appropriate weight/body mass index, and prevention of complications. Lavinia is obese which is possibly due to the combination of antipsychotic medications she takes for schizophrenia and her lifestyle. An assessment by a nutritionist o r specialist diabetic nurse into her eating habits would help to trace any areas she would benefit from by making changes to her diet. The Eatwell Plate (Department of Health, 2011) offers a framework for healthy eating in the United Kingdom (see appendix 2).It gives good visual, easy to understand, guidance on the balance/proportion and types of food that channel to a healthy diet. Lavinia would benefit from an assessment with the physiotherapists to determine her level of seaworthiness and areas that could be worked on in order to improve her fitness with a view to losing weight. Exercise can reduce the risk of major illnesses e. g. heart disease, stroke, diabetes and cancer by up to 50% (National Health Service, 2012). However, the benefits of exercise on glycaemic control and body mass in type 2 diabetes is not clear (Boule et al, 2001).The potentially damage effects that diabetes can have on a person are well known and documented (e. g. UK prospective Diabetes Study, 1977 t hru 1997 (UKPDS). The damaging effects of poor blood glucose control are not always immediately observable and consequently people with diabetes do not always fully appreciate the importance of controlling their blood glucose levels (see chain armor Online, 2010). The reality of diabetes care is self management and effective self management delays the onset of complications. Lavinia needs to understand how the lifestyle choices she makes, e. . level and frequency of physical activity, what and when she eats, managing her mental health, are all major factors in controlling her diabetes. Because the damaging consequences of not managing diabetes are not immediately obvious the impetus to manage it is not always paramount (Diabetes UK, 2012). It might be enough that Lavinia understands these factors and so takes action to manage her condition. If not, she would need support to help her change her behaviour/lifestyle in order to manage her diabetes. There are some(prenominal) beats of behavioural change, e. g. ealth belief good example (Becker, 1974) theory of reasoned action (Fishbein and Atzen, 1975) social learning theory (Bandura, 1977). Motivational interviewing (MI) (Rollnick and Miller, 1995) is a model that is used to submit about behavioural change and has been shown to be effective in delivery about change in a range of healthcare settings including diabetes care, e. g. VanWormer et al (2004) Clark and Hampson (2001) Kim et al (2004). The aim of MI is to bring about discrepancy in the persons beliefs and thoughts by bringing about a state of cognitive dissonance, i. e. he difference between where the person is currently and where they want to be in future and setting small goals to achieve. Thus, Lavinia has full knowledge of the damaging effects diabetes can have and in future she would like to get espouse and have children. To have children she needs to be as healthy as she can be and therefore she will be self do to resolve the dissonance she experiences. Used in combination with Prochaska and DiClementes model, stages of change (1983) and Egans (1998) skilled helper model of problem management could work to good effect for Lavinia in bringing about a change.Conclusion The link between poor mental health and poorer outcomes for physical illness, increased health risk behaviour, deprivation, educational achievement, substance misuse is well known (NICE, 2009). Diabetes is potentially a life threatening condition Lavinia has schizophrenia and diabetes. Her poor mental health could be supporting the deleterious effects of her diabetes. Not having sufficient knowledge of diabetes while at the same time caring for someone with diabetes and not addressing it compromises the nurses professional obligations (NMC, 2002).Lavinia needs support from some(prenominal) the mental health and diabetes services. She needs to have a good understanding of the interplay between the diabetes and mental health. She needs to have insight into potential relapse signatures to her mental health so that she can get help as early as possible. A diabetes counsellor could help Lavinia make lifestyle changes by engaging her in a course of motivational interviews (Rollnick and Miller, 1995) in combination with Prochaska and DiClementes model, stages of change (1984) and Egans (1998) skilled helper model of problem management. ReferencesBandura, A. (1977). Social Learning Theory. Englewood Cliffs, NJ Prentice Hall. Becker, M. H. , ed. (1974). The Health judgment Model and Personal Health Behavior. Health Education Monographs, Vol. 2 32473. Beer, D. Turk, V. McGovern, P. et al, (2005), Characteristics of patients exhibiting heavy challenging behaviour in low secure mental health and mild learning disabilities units. diary of psychiatrical Intensive Care, Vol. 1, pp 29-35. Boule, N. G. Haddad, E. Kenny, G. P. Wells, G. A. Sigal, R. J. , (2001). cause of Exercise on Glycemic Control and Body Mass in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.A M eta-analysis of Controlled Clinical Trials. JAMA, Volume 286, No. 10, pgs 1218 1237. Clark, M. Hampson, S. E. Avery, L. Simpson, R. (2004), Effects of a clean-cut Lifestyle Self-management Intervention in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes. British ledger of Health Psychology , Vol. 9, 365379. Dixon, L. Weiden, P. Delahanty, J. , (2000) Prevalence and correlates of diabetes in national schizophrenia samples. dementia praecox Bulletin Vol. 26, pp 90312. Dunning, T. (2009) Care of People with Diabetes, A Manual of Nursing practice, third edition, Wiley Blackwell, pp. 36 49.Eatwell Plate, (2011), Department of Health in association with the Welsh Government, the frugal Government and the Food Standards Agency in Northern Ireland. Egan, G. (1998), The skilled helper, a problem-management approach to helping. Brookes/Cole, CA. Fishbein, M. Ajzen, I. (1975). 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Northern Ireland Association for Mental Health. Available online and accessed July 2012 http//www. chex. org. uk/media/resources/mental_health/Mental%20Health%20Promotion%20-%20Building%20a n%20Economic%20Case. pdf ring mail online. Available and accessed in July 2012 at http//www. dailymail. co. uk/health/article-1309609/The-cruel-cost-ignoring-diabetes-Jane-lost-arm-legs-disease-like-didnt-seriously. html NHS Choices.Accessed online in July 2012 and getable at http//www. nhs. uk/Livewell/fitness/Pages/Whybeactive. aspx UK prospective Diabetes Study (1977-1997). Available and accessed online in July 2012 at http//www. dtu. ox. ac. uk/ukpds_trial/index. php Appendix 1 Scenario Lavinia (pseudonym) is a 25 year old egg-producing(prenominal) with a history of schizophrenia stretching back to her late teens. She has been pose on a section of the Mental Health Act (MHA, 1983) and detained on a psychiatric intensive care unit (PICU) due to her presenting with chaotic behaviour posing a threat to